Proteins Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are the functions of proteins in the body?
- hormones (notice all those peptide hormones we studied earlier are all proteins)
- enzymes
- immunity
- acid-base balance (helps prevent ketosis)
- growth and maintenence and repair
- body structure and blood
- fluid balance
- transporting
What is albumin?
protein in the blood that maintains the osmotic pressure and proper distribustion of body fluids between tissues and bloodstream
What is edema?
A condition that develops when the blood albumin is too low
How do proteins help maintain the body’s acid and base balance?
proteins act as buffers so they can neutralize the byproducts of the body’s metabolic processses
How do proteins help with immune function?
Form the first barriers of defense agaisnt antigens: in the skin and the mucus
they help make up the structure of the skin and mucus
proteins also make up antibodies which are produced in response to antigen
Where is mucus found?
in the respiratory system and the intestine
What happens with deficiencies in enzymes?
there is an inborn error in metabolism
what are some non-genetic causes of enzyme deficiency?
illness, inadequate nutrition, and medications
What is an example of a hormone made out of protein? an example of one made out of lipids?
Insulin (protein) and estrogen (lipid cuz its converted from cholesterol)
What are the ways in which protein can transport?
They can transport substances across cell walls (sodium potassium pump)
transport nutrients through the bloodstream (example: lipoproteins
What does protein do for energy function?
not much literally will do anything else rather than do energy
Does protein have a major storage form for energy?
no
True or false: the body uses protein for energy as a last resource
Protein sparing: if there is not enough carbohydrate intake than the body will break down muscle for amino acids
Describe protein turnover
Protein Breakdown: Your body identifies old or damaged proteins. Enzymes called proteases snip these proteins into their amino acid building blocks.
Recycling: These amino acids don’t go to waste. They’re like LEGO pieces ready to be reused.
Protein Synthesis: Your cells then use these amino acids to build new proteins as needed. This involves processes like transcription and translation where your DNA gets involved to make sure the new proteins are made correctly.
What is demination?
Deamination is the process where your body removes an amino group (NH2) from an amino acid. This happens mainly in the liver. After removing the amino group, your body converts it into ammonia (toxic) which gets quickly dehydration synthesized into urea (less toxic) and then excreted via urine. The leftover part (ketoacid) of the amino acid can be used for energy or other purposes.
What is nitrogen balance?
nitrogen consumed vs nitrogen excreted
What is positive nitrogen balance and when does it occur?
eating more nitrogen then you are taking out
happens during growth, recovery from illness, and preggers
What is negative nitrogen balance and when does it occur?
not enough eating nitrogen or its being excreted more than eaten
aids, cancer, starvation, and low calorie diets
What is PDCAAS?
protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score
What are complementary proteins?
combining these two gets you all the essential proteins needed - example rice and daal which on their own will be missing methionine and leucine
What are supplemental proteins?
Additional sources of protein for specific populations such as vegetarians, highly active people and underweight people
What is PEM?
Protein energy malnutrition which is a disorder you get when you don’t have enough protein and/or energy consumption
- infants and younger children are the most susceptible
most lethal form of malnutrition
What are the two types of protein energy malnutrition?
Marasmus: caused by not enough calorie or protein intake and it is a condition of starvation with emeciation
Kwashiorkor: swollen appearance especially in the abdomen and because of low protein and altered gut bacteria this is more commmon in children weaned from breast milk to cereal
What is transamination?
transfer of amine group from one amino acid to another molecule to create a new amino acid
