Proteins DNA And Polymers Flashcards
(24 cards)
3 types of polymers
Polyalkene
Polyamide
Polyester
How are polyamide and polyester formed
Condensation reaction between diamine and dicarboxylic acid and diol and carboxylic acid
How to name amide
Longest chain with c=O
Then NH2
Why are polyalkenes not biodegradable
This means they cannot be hydrolysed and not be attacked by nucleophile as c=c bond is non polar
Example of polyester and use
Condensation reaction between ethane -1,2-diol and benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid
Carpet coating and heat treated used for drink bottles
Example 1 of polyamide and use
Nylon 6,6
Made from 1,6 diamnio hexane and hexane 1,4 dicarboxylic acid
Used as fibres in clothing as elastic and string abrehesion
Example 2 of polyamide
Kevlar
Between Ben the 1,4 diamine and benzene 1,4 dicarboxylic acid
Use in body armour ans is strong light and heatresistant
Zwitterion ion
When the amine group gains a H and becomes NH3+
When the COH loses a electron be becomes COO-
Amino acid in low/ acidic PH
The R group and amine groupof an amino acid becomes NH3 +
Carbonyl group is the same
Amino acid in high PH / alkali conditions
The carbonyl group and COOH in R group becomes COO- and amine group is the same
Amino acid with excess haloalkanes
Further substation with amine group
All H in NH2 replaces and becomes +
Amino acid with methanol and concentrated acid
Becomes an ester anime group is the same
Molecules in DNA nucleotide
2 - deoxyribose
Phosphate group
Base
Key points when drawing nucleotide
Always connected to N
Always connected to CH2 - O - P
Which nitrogen binds with deoxyribose in every base
Far right or bottom with NH
How dies hydrogen bonding arise?
Large difference in Electronegativity leads to bind polarity
This creates a dipole in ONF-H bond
The partially positive atom in one molecules is attracted to partially negative atom in another ,one’s
Oppositely charged dipoles attract
4 types of protein structures
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary.
3 bonds in tertiary structure
Disulphide
Ionic
Hydrogen
What type of bond is disulphide
Covelant
What process is prevented by cis platin
DNA replication
Cis platin
Looses its chlorine molecules and binds to guanine bases to nitrogen with lone pair
Side effects of cis platin
Targets healthy cells and kills them
His side effects can be reduced
Use a small amount
Targets cells
