Protoozoology: Amoeba Lab

Question 1

Entamoeba Histolytica Trophozoite

Answer 1

• Measures 15-60 um
• Motile with long finger- like pseudopodia
• Motility: progressive and directional
• With ingested RBC

Question 2

Entamoeba histolytica cyst stage

Answer 2

• Spherical (12-20 um)
• With 1-4 nuclei
• Central karyosome
• With cigar-shaped chromatoidal bodies
  **Quadrinucleated cyst

Question 3

Entamoeba histolytica life

Answer 3

• Portal of Entry – Mouth
• Mode of Transmission - Ingestion of infective cyst
• Habitat - Intestine
• Portal of Exit - Anus
  *** With tissue invasion

Question 4

Entamoeba dispar

Answer 4

• Morphologically the same as E. histolytica
• Not invasive
  − No ingested RBCS in the trophozoite stage
  ❖ Does not elicit the production of serum AbS

Question 5

Entamoeba Coli trophozoite

Answer 5

− Measures 15-50 um
− with short, blunt pseudopodia
− Motility – sluggish nondirectional
− With ingested bacteria in the cytoplasm

Question 5

Entamoeba coli cyst stage

Answer 5

− Spherical (10-32um)
− With 1-8 nuclei (32)
- Large eccentric karyosome
− Multiply by binary fission
− With broomstick/ splintered chromatoidal bodies

Question 6

Entamoeba Coli Life cycle

Answer 6

Portal of Entry – mouth
Mode of Transmission – Ingestion of infective cyst
Habitat – intestine
Portal of Exit – Anus
** NO tissue Invasion

Question 7

Iodamoeba butschlii Trophozoite

Answer 7

− Measures 6-25 um
− Motility: nondirectional and sluggish
− Karyosome – large with a cluster of chromatic granules

Question 8

Iodamoeba butschlii cyst stage

Answer 8

− With one nucleus (Basket)
− With large glycogen body
- stains deeply with iodine

Question 9

Endolimax nana trophozoite stage

Answer 9

− Measures 6-12 um
− Movement: sluggish; non directional

Question 10

Endolimax nana cyst stage

Answer 10

− Oval − Measures 6-10 um − Cross-eyed cyst − Comma shaped − chromatoidal body ***quadrinuleated when mature

Question 11

Entamoeba polecki trophozoite stage

Answer 11

− Motility: sluggish and non-directional
− Uninucleated
- With centered prominent karyosome

Question 12

Entamoeba polecki cyst stage

Answer 12

− Uninucleated - With large centered karyosome
− Chromatoidal body
- angular or pointed ends

Question 13

demonstration of trophozoites

Answer 13

Direct Fecal Smear

Question 14

AECT means?

Answer 14

Acid ether concentration

Question 15

FECT means?

Answer 15

Formalin ether concentration

Question 16

What are the concentration techniques?

Answer 16

AECT, FECT

Question 17

How can you identify the parasites through their diagnostic features?

Answer 17

Number of nuclei, chromatoidal body

Question 18

Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite stage

Answer 18

− measures 10-20 μm
− With numerous blunt pseudopodia → Moves quickly
− Possesses ingested leukocytes in its cytoplasm which can be used to differentiate it from E. histolytica.

Question 19

Entamoeba gingivalis cyst stage

Answer 19

NO CYST STAGE

Question 20

What is the infective stage of entamoeba gingivalis?

Answer 20

Trophozoites

Question 21

What is the mode of transmission: Directly transmitted through?

Answer 21

− Kissing
− Droplet spray
− Sharing utensils

Question 22

predominant form seen in stool samples

▪ With large central vacuole that pushes the cytoplasm and nuclei (2-4) to the periphery of the cells

Answer 22

Vacuolated

Question 23

shows the active extension and retraction of pseudopodia

Answer 23

Amoeba like

Question 24

hard, resistive form; with multi-layered thick wall ; with 1-4 nuclei; cytoplasm contains food vacuoles and mitochondria

Answer 24

Cyst

Question 25

are found in old cultures; similar to
vacuolated but it has granules

Answer 25

Granular

Question 26

arises from vacuolated forms

Answer 26

Multiple fission

Question 27

Naegleria fowleri Signs and symptoms

Answer 27

frontal headache, fever and congested nasal passages then meningeal irritation

Question 28

What are the 2 forms of naegleria fowleri in trophozoite?

Answer 28

Amoeboid, flagellated

Question 29

Amoeboid-trophozoite (N.fowleri)

Answer 29

with blunt pseudopodia and a nucleus with large central karyosome

Question 30

Flagellated - Trophozoite (N. fowleri)

Answer 30

pear shaped with 2 long equal anteriorly located flagella

Question 31

Cyst (N. fowleri)

Answer 31

Round with a nucleus (smaller than that of the trophozoite)
▪ With smooth and thick cell wall

Question 32

Naegleria Fowleri life cycle

Answer 32

Portal of Entry: Nose (Nasal Cavity)
Infective stage: Amoeboid trophozoite
Mode of Transmission : intranasal instillation of amoeba
*** enters through the nose and travels to the brain

Diagnosis : Demonstration of amoeboid trophozoite in CSF and in Histopathologic section

Treatment: anti-microbial and antiamoebic

Question 33

Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoite

Answer 33

with 1 nucleus with large karyosome; with acanthopods
▪ With slowly motile

Question 34

Acanthamoeba spp. Cyst stage

Answer 34

uninucleated with double walled (outer is wrinkled)

Question 35

Mode of transmission Acanthamoeba spp.

Answer 35

eyes, nasal cavity, open wounds

Question 36

what are the causes of acanthamoeba spp.

Answer 36

Meningoencephalitis syndrome
Amoebic keratitis
Skin lessions

Question 37

What is the diagnosis of acathamoeba spp.?

Answer 37

Brain scans; trophozoites and cysts in corneal scrappings and tissue biopsy

Question 38

Life cycle of E. gingivalis

Answer 38

MOT: Through kissing, droplet spray, sharing utensils