Protozoa Flashcards
(161 cards)
1
Q
Unicellular animals that occur singly or in colony
A
Protozoa
2
Q
Complete unit capable of performing physiologic functions
A
Protozoa
3
Q
PHYLA: amoeba
A
P. amoebazao
4
Q
Amoeba coli, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba histolytica are examples of
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P.ameobazao
5
Q
PHYLA:intestinal flagellates
A
P. metamonada
6
Q
Giargia lamblia, Chilomastix mesnili, Trichomonas hominis are examples of
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P.metamonada
7
Q
Phyla: blood tissue flagellates
A
P. euglenozoan
8
Q
Trypanosomes, leishmania are examples of
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P.euglonozoan
9
Q
Phyla: ciliates
A
P. ciliophora
10
Q
Example of P. ciliophora
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Balantidium coli
11
Q
Phyla: malaria, babesia, taxoplasma
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P.apicomplexa
12
Q
Phylum where species are equipped with apicomplex that is said to be needed to attach to the tissues of the host.
A
P. apicomplexa
13
Q
All are amoeba commensal except
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E. histolytica
14
Q
Which amoeba can cause tissue damage or destruction?
A
E. histolytica
15
Q
Encystation is present except in
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E. gingivalis
16
Q
Large intestine is the habitat except
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E. gingivalis
17
Q
Cyst is the infective stage except for
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E. gingivalis
18
Q
Trophozoite transforms into _____ and happens in the ____ intestine
A
cysts, large
19
Q
Cysts transforms into _____ and happens in ____ intestine
A
trophozoite, small
20
Q
Infective stage of E. gingivalis is ______
A
trophozoite
21
Q
In parasitology, ______ is the infective stage in protozoans. While in pathology or histopathology, it is a mass of tissue or a tumor
A
cyst
22
Q
feeding form (active, motile, vegetative) also considered as labile (easily broken down; fragile; easily damaged)
A
trophozoite
23
Q
form where it is uninucleated, starting to become cyst
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Precystic
24
Q
form where it is non-feeding, non-motile, resistant, infective stage
A
cyst
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form where it is starting to transform into a trophozoite
metacyst
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What is the main process that happens in our large intestine? In our digestive system?
Water reabsorption
27
Cyst formation will occur where there is _______ or _______ where the trophozoite will transform into a cyst.
normal reabsorption or presence of dehydration
28
If there is no normal water reabsorption in the large intestine, there will be no formation of ______
trophozoite into a cystic stage.
29
No water reabsorption = ______
watery, diarrheic stool.
30
In what stage of parasite is expected to see in watery stool?
Trophozoites
31
If there is no water reabsorption in your large intestine, what will happen to your trophozoites?
remain as trophozoites and will NOT transform into a cyst
32
If the stool is well formed and amoeba is present, what stage of amoeba can be possibly observed in a well-formed stool?
Cyst
33
What is the infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica?
Cyst
34
What is the mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?
Ingestion of contaminated food or water.
35
What stage will you ingest the cyst? Bakit hindi siya nasira when the cyst transverse into your stomach? What are the contents of our stomach?
Our stomach is rich in acid. It is resistant.
36
From your stomach, if it will successfully transverse your stomach, what will be the next stage?
Small intestine.
37
What will happen to the cyst in your small intestine?
excystation (cyst will transform into trophozoite).
38
Which can cause amoebic liver disease?
Entamoeba histolytica
39
This amoebae is known as "Cross Eyed" cyst
Endolimax nana
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Which one is called your Iodine cyst?
Iodomiba bütschlii
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Iodomiba bütschlii is called iodine cyst because it has _______ and it has strong affinity to ______.
large glycogen vacuole, iodine
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How many nuclei should be present in the cyst of Entamoeba histolytica to be considered it as mature?
4
43
Also called as small race ameba.
ENTAMOEBA HARTMANNI
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Amoeba of pigs
ENTAMOEBA POLECKI
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Often mistaken as Entamoeba histolytica.
ENTAMOEBA COLI
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E. histolyca and E. coli can be differentiated by the number of nucleus inside the cyst. As E.coli has ___ nucleus
more than 4
47
E.histolytica has this distinct feature where it is capable of ingesting ___
RBCs
48
Cytoplasm of E.hystolytica is called _____ where there are no contents other than RBCs
free looking
49
Entamoeba coli has bacteria, food, debris as its cytoplasm is termed____
dirty looking
50
Most important amoeba of man
E.hysolytica
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Causes Intestinal amoebiasis (colitis, dysentery)
E.hystolytica
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What stage of Entamoeba histolytica can be recovered in liver aspirate?
Trophozoite
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When the parasite reaches the brain this results to
Amoebic meningitis
54
Drug of choice for amoebic meningitis
Metronidazole
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Most common form of extraintestinal amoebiasis
amoebic liver cirrhosis
56
Entamoeba histolytica is diagnosed through
stool microscopy, Ag detection, serology
57
Among the trophozoite, precystic, and mature/quadrinucleated stage of E.histolytica which is the infective stage?
quadrinucleated
58
If you've ingested E.histolytica in trophozoite form, will it develop amoebiasis?
No, non-infective stage
59
Among the trophozoite, precystic, and mature/quadrinucleated stage of E.histolytica which can cause tissue destruction?
trophozoite, as they produce harmful enzymes
60
Free-living amoeboflagellate
Naegleria fowleri
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Usually encountered in environment (fresh water , brackish water , public places such as pools). However, it is difficult for it to survive in salt water
Naegleria fowleri
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Found in warm waters
NAEGLERIA FOWLERI
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Mode of transmission is through intranasal installation or penetration through your nostril. Directly enters the host to the brain through the olfactory nerve, causing meningitis.
NAEGLERIA FOWLERI
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Naegleria fowleri is also known as
brain-eating amoeba.
65
Causative agent of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalopathy (PAM)
Naegleria fowleri
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Free living amoeba found in soil and water; causative agent of Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)
Acanthamoeba spp
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other than GAE acanthamoeba spp. can cause _____
keratitis
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If a parasite formed a cyst, it is ______. If no cyst formation, it is _______.
Acanthamoeba, naegleria
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On initial testing, Amoebic form has _________ projections
thorn-like/pine-like
70
In initial testing, Cyst form has ______ appearance
Star-shaped
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Agent of Traveler's diarrhea (10-35 days incubation period) by drinking any available water in the area
Giardia lamblia
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______ also infects the beavers (Beaver fever) and serve as reservoir
Giardia lamblia
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Giardia lamblia may cause ______ because the tropic stage of the parasite may block the intestinal villi
Malabsorption syndrome
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Giardia lamblia is diagnosed through
stool microscopy, and duodenal fluid extraction through enterotest
75
Motile Giardia lamblia under the microscope exhibit the ______motility
falling-leaf
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Trophozoite form of Giardia lamblia has:
_____ disc
_____ nuclei
_____style
_____ pairs of flagella
sucking, 2, axostyle,4
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cystic form of Giardia lamblia has:
_____ stage
_____ nuclei
_____style
_____ pairs of flagella
infected, retained 2, retained axostyle, no flagella only ovoid
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Parasite of the genitourinary tract
Trichomonas vaginalis
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Trichomonas vaginalis is transmitted through
sexual contact
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Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of _____ in female and _____ in male
vulvovaginitis, non-specific prostatitis
81
Specimen of choice for Trichomonas vaginalis in:
Female -
Male -
urine, vaginal discharges (swab smear)
seminal fluid, static fluid
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Treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection
metronidazole
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Manifestation of trichomonas vaginalis
Fishy odor urine and UTI
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The only stage of T. vaginalis is a _____ and does not undergo ______
trophozoite, encystation
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If alive, it exhibits a Jerky Motility
T. vaginalis
86
T vaginalis must be recovered alive. If the parasite is already dead since trophozoite are labile (easily destroyed), the parasite can be mistaken for _______.
macrophages
87
A blood and tissue flagellate not present in the philippines
Leishmania spp
88
Vector of Leishmania spp
Sandfly-Phlebotomus
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Leishmania spp that is cutaneous and leprosy-like
L. tropica
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Leishmania spp that is mucocutaneous and causes destruction of the pina of the ears & erosion of the nose
L. braziliensis
91
A visceral/kala-azar leishmania spp that affects the internal organs
L. donovani
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Two stages of Leishmania spp
amastigote and promastigote
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Amastigote has ___ flagellum and found _____
no, intracellularly
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Promastigote has ____ flagellum and found ______
yes, extracellularly
95
Specimen for amastigote
muscle tissue and spleen
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Specimen for promastigote
body fluids and blood
97
Diagnosis for leishmania spp includes
based on clinical grounds, detection of amastigotes in monocytic cells, montenegro test
98
Positive reaction of montenegro test for Leishmania spp
redness and itchiness
99
Causative agent of American trypanosomiasis/Chaga's disease
Tryponosoma cruzi
100
Vector of T. Cruzi
Triatoma & rhodnius
101
The vector of T. cruzi are ___ than bed bugs and prefer ___ area
bigger, old moist
102
Initial reaction of acute chaga's disease
unilateral swelling of eyes
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Chronic Chaga's disease causes ___
cardiomegaly; 3 megas (megaesophagus, megacardio, megacolon)
104
T. cruzi is diagnosed through
trypomastigotes in blood, amastigotes in tissue, xenodiagnosis, serology
105
Causative agent of sleeping sickness/african trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma brucei complex
106
Vector of T. brucei complex
Glossina (tsetsefly)
107
Two subspecies of t. brucei
rhodesiense (east african/acute) & gambience (west african/chronic)
108
_____ sign is the manifestation of acute trypanosomiasis. Where cervical lymph node swelling occurs
Winterbottom
109
____ sign is the manifestation of chronic trypanosomiasis. Where the patient becomes lethargic and has eversion of sleeping pattern
Kerandel
110
Classified with the trichomonads but previously classified with the amoeba
Dientamoeba fragilis
111
D. fragilis is ___ and can cause ____
pathogenic, diarrhea
112
d. fragilis _____ flagella
does not possess
113
During the recovery of ______ eggs, D. fragilis may also be present
E. vermicularis
114
Formerly classified as a yeast/fungi and its pathogenicity is being investigated
Blastocystis hominis
115
B. hominis in its ___ form is the most common form recovered in stool samples
vacuolated
116
Only ciliate parasite of man and the largest protozoan parasite of man
Balantidium coli
117
Causative agent of dysentery and intestinal ulcers
B. coli
118
Primary reservoir host of B. coli
pigs
119
Invasive stage: _______
Infective stage: _______
motile, trophozoite
cyst stage
120
Falling leaf motility
giardia lamblia
121
Jerky tumbling motility
trichomonas vaginalis
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Corkscrew-like or boring motility
chilomastix mesnili
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Thrown ball-like motility
Balantidium coli
124
Causative agent for the infection in AIDS patients
Isospora belli
125
Opportunistic and transmitted via ingestion of oocysts
isospora belli
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What is the most commonly performed acid fast staining technique?
Ziehl Neelsen
127
End color of I.belli with acid-fast staining
red
128
Toxoplasma gondii are transmitted through ingestion of ____ from __
oocysts, cat feces
129
Final host of T.gondii
Cats/feline
130
The accidental host of T.gondii is ___ through ingestion of contaminated meat or cat feces
man
131
In man, ____ can be transferred by transplacental or vertical transmission from the mother to the fetus.
T.gondii
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____ form of T.gondii is most likely found in bodily fluids or in the blood transferred by blood transfusions
tachyzoites
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____ form of T.gondii is most likely found in tissues transferred by organ transplant
bradyzoites
134
Tachyzoites of t.gondii are ___ multiplying while bradyzoites are ____ multiplying
fast, slow
135
_______ specifically female are the vector of malaria because blood is needed for the parasite to develop the formation of parasite inside the body of the mosquito
Anopheles mosquitos
136
Sporogony:
occurs in _____
_____ cycle
formation of _______
mosquitos, sexual, sporozoites
137
Schizogony:
occurs in _____
_____ cycle
formation of _______
man, asexual, schizonts
138
Infective stage of malaria to the final host
gametocyte
139
Infective stage of malaria in man:
Sporozoite
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Complications of malaria
blackwater fever, cerebral malaria, hemolytic anemia
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Diagnostically speaking, the presence of red cell enlargement indicates the presence of _______. If the infected red cells are not enlarged and with double chromatin, it is _______
P. vivax, P. falciparum
142
Trophozoites of _____ red cells are not enlarged
P. falciparum
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Trophozoites of ____ red cells are enlarged
P.vivax
144
Trophozoites of ____ infected RBCs appear distorted or deformed
P. ovale
145
trophozoites of ____ stretches, goes across, or bonds with the RBCs
P. malariae
146
Zoonotic disease transmitted via tick bite
Babesia spp
147
May be confused with P. falciparum because of the appearance of infected red cells.
babesia spp
148
Babesia spp appears like multiple infected red cells, but this is _______ of parasite in the RBCs.
maltese cross appearance
149
The most common species of malaria parasite in the Philippines
P. falciparum
150
The least common species of malaria parasite in the Philippines
P.ovale
151
The final host of Toxoplasma gondii.
Cat
152
A cycle of fever rhythmical, chills, and sweating is observed in what parasitic infection?
Malaria
153
This is the largest intestinal roundworm.
Ascaris lumbricoides
154
Which parasite is acquired by eating contaminated food?
Taenia solium
155
Which is not an intestinal parasite?
Fasciola hepatica
156
Which is the causative agent of elephantiasis?
Wuchereria bancrofti
157
Which is the drug of choice for Strongyloidiasis?
Ivermectin
158
Non- pathogenic flagellate found normally in the tartar
T. tenax
159
Non-pathogenic amoeba causing pyorrhea and the trophozoites exhibits finger-like pseudopods
E.gingivalis
160
Most pathogenic amoeba of a man
E. histolytica
161
Non-pathogenic limen dweller referred to as the American lemon shape cyst
C. mesnili
