PSA 5 Flashcards
(37 cards)
What is the maximum daily dose of paracetamol in an adult?
4 g/day (1 g every 4-6 hours PRN).
What is the dose of enoxaparin for DVT prophylaxis in a patient with eGFR <30 mL/min?
20 mg SC once daily.
How do you calculate a dose based on weight (mg/kg)?
Multiply the dose by the patient’s weight
How do you convert micrograms to milligrams?
Divide by 1000 (e.g., 500 μg = 0.5 mg).
What happens when warfarin is combined with ciprofloxacin?
Increased INR and bleeding risk (ciprofloxacin inhibits warfarin metabolism).
Why should NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors not be co-prescribed?
Increased risk of acute kidney injury (AKI).
What is the effect of combining lithium with thiazide diuretics?
Increased risk of lithium toxicity due to reduced renal clearance.
What is a serious interaction with simvastatin?
Macrolides (e.g., erythromycin) increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis by inhibiting simvastatin metabolism, myopathy, weakness, dark urine.
Why should beta-blockers and verapamil not be co-prescribed?
Increased risk of bradycardia and heart block.
What do you monitor for a patient on lithium?
Plasma lithium levels (therapeutic range: 0.4-1.0 mmol/L), renal function, thyroid function
What needs monitoring for a patient on digoxin?
Plasma digoxin levels (therapeutic range: 0.8-2.0 ng/mL), potassium levels, and signs of toxicity (nausea, visual disturbances - yellow halos).
What monitoring is required for methotrexate?
FBC, renal function, liver function (risk of myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity).
What do you monitor for a patient on amiodarone?
Thyroid function, liver function, and chest X-ray for pulmonary fibrosis.
What tests are required for patients on ACE inhibitors?
Renal function (creatinine, eGFR) and potassium levels.
What antibiotics are safe in pregnancy?
Penicillin (e.g., amoxicillin), cephalosporins, erythromycin.
How is levothyroxine dosing adjusted in pregnancy?
Increase the dose by 25-50% due to increased thyroid hormone requirements.
What adjustments are needed for metformin in renal impairment?
Avoid if eGFR <30 mL/min; reduce dose if eGFR 30-45 mL/min.
What anticoagulant is preferred in pregnancy?
Low molecular weight heparin (e.g., enoxaparin).
What is the preferred antihypertensive in pregnancy?
Labetalol, nifedipine, or methyldopa.
A 70 kg patient needs gentamicin at 5 mg/kg. How much drug is needed?
5 x 70 = 350 mg.
What is the loading dose of phenytoin for a 60 kg patient?
20 mg/kg 60 = 1200 mg.
What is the standard adult dose of amoxicillin for CAP?
500 mg PO three times daily.
What is the standard maintenance fluid requirement for an adult?
25-30 mL/kg/day of water + 1 mmol/kg/day of potassium, sodium, and chloride.
How do you calculate the volume of 0.9% sodium chloride needed for resuscitation in a shocked adult?
Give a bolus of 500 mL over 10-15 minutes.
