PSA 3 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Why is “digoxin 250 mg PO once daily” a critical error?
The correct dose is 125-250 micrograms daily. 250 mg is 1000 times the correct dose and fatal.
Why should metformin be stopped in a patient undergoing IV contrast imaging?
Risk of lactic acidosis if renal function deteriorates post-contrast.
Why is “morphine 50 mg IV bolus for pain” inappropriate?
IV morphine should be given in 2-5 mg increments to avoid respiratory depression
What monitoring is required for vancomycin?
Trough plasma levels (target 10-15 mg/L), renal function.
What is monitored in a patient on carbamazepine?
FBC (risk of agranulocytosis), LFTs, and serum carbamazepine levels (therapeutic range: 4-12 mg/L).
What monitoring is required for isotretinoin?
LFTs, lipids, and pregnancy tests due to teratogenicity.
What is the first-line antibiotic for pyelonephritis?
Ciprofloxacin 500 mg PO twice daily for 7 days.
What is the duration of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated cellulitis?
5-7 days (e.g., flucloxacillin).
What is the treatment for suspected meningitis in an adult before hospital transfer? (GP)
IM benzylpenicillin (1.2 g).
What are the side effects of levetiracetam?
Fatigue, dizziness, mood changes, and rarely, behavioural disturbances.
What is the main risk of co-prescribing spironolactone and ramipril?
Hyperkalaemia due to potassium retention.
What are signs of theophylline toxicity?
Nausea, vomiting, seizures, and arrhythmias.
What is the starting dose of oxycodone for opioid-naïve patients?
5 mg PO every 4-6 hours PRN.
How is breakthrough pain managed in palliative care?
1/6th of the total daily opioid dose given PRN.
What is the maximum dose of ibuprofen in a child?
30-40 mg/kg/day in divided doses.
What is the first-line treatment for hypertension in a diabetic with proteinuria?
ACE inhibitors (e.g., ramipril).
Which antidepressants are preferred in breastfeeding?
Sertraline or amitriptyline.
What is the first-line management for heart failure in a pregnant patient?
Beta-blockers (e.g., labetalol), diuretics (with caution).
Write a PRN prescription for lorazepam for anxiety.
Lorazepam 1 mg PO every 8 hours PRN for anxiety (max 3 mg/day).
What is the maximum dose of loperamide in 24 hours?
16 mg (4 mg initially, then 2 mg after each loose stool).
What is the dose of naloxone for opioid overdose?
400 mcg IV/IM, repeated every 2-3 minutes as needed (max 10 mg).
What is the treatment for hypoglycaemia in an unconscious adult?
100 mL of 20% glucose IV over 10 minutes or 50 mL of 50% glucose IV.
