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PSA > PSA practice paper content > Flashcards

PSA practice paper content Flashcards

1
Q

COPD acute exacerbation - bronchospasm

A

SABA - salbutamol 1 mg/mL nebuliser liquid
dose is 2.5-5mg via nebuliser
Found in asthma - airway obstructions

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2
Q

First line DVT

A

APIXABAN 10 mg PO twice daily for 7 days then 5 mg PO twice daily

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3
Q

When to offer statin as primary prevention

A

In pts. w/ 10 year-CV-risk of 10% or more

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4
Q

Drugs causing urinary retention

A

Anti-cholinergics
a-adrenoceptor agonists (metaraminol, phenylephrine)
Benzodiazepines
NSAIDs
CCBs
Anti-histamines
Alcohol

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5
Q

Drugs causing confusion

A

Anti-cholinergics
Anti-psychotics
Anti-depressants
Anti-convulsants

LESS COMMON: H2 receptor antagonists, Digoxin, Beta blockers, Corticosteroids, NSAIDS, antibiotics

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6
Q

DKA insulin administration

A

FIXED RATE short acting 0.1 Units/kg/hour

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7
Q

What should be monitored for effect in fluid replacement and why

A

Blood pressure -> dehydration usually associated with reduced urinary output but monitoring the production of urine is less reliable measure of success in the early stages of fluid replacement than blood pressure

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8
Q

HRT -> what to monitor and why

A

Blood pressure
HRT can cause sodium and fluid retention = rise in blood pressure. HRT should be stopped if BP rises above systolic 160 or diastolic 95

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9
Q

LIVER enzyme increase to warrant a reduction of dose or discontinuation of statin:

A

3 TIMES UPPER LIMIT OF RANGE VALUE

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10
Q

IF both peak and trough gentamicin levels are high, what should be done to gentamicin dose

A

DECREASE dose and INCREASE INTERVAL

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11
Q

First line IV tx. Hypoglycaemia

A

GLUCOSE 20% (50-100 ml) in up to 20 minutes

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12
Q

Electrolyte disturbance with Tacrolimus

A

May cause hyperkalaemia -> due to reduced potassium excretion

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13
Q

Which drug should be stopped at least 7 days prior to surgery

A

Aspirin

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14
Q

Electrolyte disturbance with SSRIs?

A

HYPONATRAEMIA

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15
Q

IF INR > 1.5 on the day of surgery, what should be given

A

Vit K

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16
Q

Antibiotics which can cause cholestatic jaundice

A

Flucloxacillin

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17
Q

What rise in creatinine is tolerated in pts. taking ACEis

A

<20%

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18
Q

Indication of effective treatment with furosemide

A

Reduction of weight

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19
Q

ACEi therapy in heart failure - how do you monitor for beneficial effect of treatment

A

Exercise tolerance

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20
Q

Palliative care prescribing: pain -> how much morphine

A

20-30 mg/day w/ 5 mg for breakthrough pain

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21
Q

Drugs causing:
a) ATAXIA
b) Parkinsonism

A

a) Phenytoin, carbamazepine, valproate
b) Antipsychotics, metoclopramide

22
Q

Loop and thiazide diuretic effect on calcium

A

Loops: HYPOCALCAEMIA
Thiazides: HYPERCALCAMIA

23
Q

Loop and thiazide diuretic effect on calcium

A

Loops: HYPOCALCAEMIA
Thiazides: HYPERCALCAMIA

24
Q

Drugs causing impaired glucose tolerance

A

Thiazides
Loops diuretics
Corticosteroids
Ciclosporin

25
Q

4 drugs causing constipation

A

Verapamil
Opioids
Antipsychotics
Tricyclic antidepressants

26
Q

Monitoring parameters for LITHIUM

A

Drug level, TFT, UE

27
Q

Common side effects of Levodopa

A

Dry mouth
Postural hypotension
Psychosis
Palpitations
Anorexia

28
Q

Palpitations

A

anorexia

29
Q

Maintenance fluids for children

A

100 ml/ kg/ day for first 10 KG
50 ml/ kg/ day for next 10 kg (to 20kg)
20ml/ kg/ day for the remaining weight over 20kg

30
Q

4C antibiotics and what might they cause

A

C.difficile

Ciprofloxacin
Co-amoxiclav
Clindamycin
Cephalosporins

31
Q

Medications to stop preoperatively

A

ACEi/ARBs
Diuretics
Anticoagulants
Antiplatelets
HRT and COCP (STOP 4 weeks before)
Lithium
NSAIDs

ILACKOP
Insulin (consider starting pt. on sliding scale
Lithium
Anticoagulants/antiplatelets
COCP
K sparing diuretic (spironolactone)
Oral hypoglycaemic
Phytonidione (Vit K) Perindopril (or any acei)

32
Q

Diabetic drugs: which drug should be omitted on day of surgery

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors - Dapagliflozin

33
Q

Diabetic drugs: which should be omitted the morning of surgery

A

Sulphonylureas

34
Q

When should metformin be changed on the day of surgery

A

If taken TDS, omit LUNCHTIME dose
if OD or BD continue as normal

35
Q

If pt. NBM - how must medication be given

A

Intravenously

36
Q

Oral hypoglycaemics advice: Metformin

A

Look out for signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis such as dyspnoea, muscle cramps, abdominal pain, hypothermia or asthenia

37
Q

Oral hypoglycaemics advice: Sulphonylureas

A

Look out for signs and symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Higher risk elderly patients or those with renal impairment

38
Q

Oral hypoglycaemics advice: SGLT2 inhibitors

A

Look out for signs and symptoms of DKA even if BM is normal
(As glucose being removed through urine)

39
Q

Diabetic management: T1DM how often should HbA1c be checked -

A

3 monthly

40
Q

How often should diabetics visit the podiatrist

A

Once per year

41
Q

Important information RE: all anti-psychotics

A

As photosensitisation may occur with higher doses, patients should avoid direct sun-light

Drowsiness may affect performance of skilled tasks, effects of alcohol are enhanced.

42
Q

Which commonly prescribed anti-platelets should be avoided with lithium

A

NSAIDs -> can increase lithium levels in the blood resulting in an increased risk of lithium side effects

43
Q

Who all should receive 5mg FOLIC ACID (increased dose) for the duration of pregnancy

A

Hx. of neural tube defects
Diabetes
Sickle cell disease
Anti-epileptics

44
Q

Pain medications which can accumulate in renal failure

A

Morphine and Codeine
Oxycodone should be given instead

45
Q

Which cardio drug should be stopped in SEVERE PVD

A

B-blockers - cause peripheral vasoconstriction and worsen ischaemia
(ACEis are also cautioned in severe PVD)

46
Q

Which CCB may exacerbate heart failure

A

VERAPAMIL
DILTIAZEM

47
Q

Is routine monitoring required with use of SSRIs

A

NO

48
Q

Best marker of beneficial effects of antibiotic in UTI

A

Resolution of SYMPTOMS - over next 72 hours

49
Q

What should be done when a statin is suspected to be th cause of myopathy and CK concentration is markedly elevated

A

Treatment should be discontinued, if symptoms resolve and CK levels return to normal, statin should be introduced at LOWER DOSE

50
Q

Which drug should be stopped at least 7 days prior to surgery

A

Aspirin

PSA (10 decks)

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