psy

Question 1

hypothesis

Answer 1

how or why something happens will propose a tentaive explanation; attempt to explain phenomenon

Question 2

theory

Answer 2

result of testing a hypothesis and developing an explanation that is assumed to be true about something.

Question 3

empitical theory

Answer 3

knowledge based on obervation and experiment

Question 4

critical thinking

Answer 4

active application of set of skills to inform for understanding and evaluation of the information. asses reliability and usefulness, involves skeptisim, logical thinking, making an observation.

Question 5

Empirical research

Answer 5

using empirical evidence , way of gaining knowledge by direct and indirect observation and experience.

Question 6

skeptisim

Answer 6

process of applying reason and critical thinking to determine validity. the process of finding a supported conlcusion.

Question 7

william wundt ( 1832-1920). what is his goal?

Answer 7

• (1832-1920) one of the founders of psychology
• STRUCTURALISM & INTROSPECTION
• goal: identify components of consciousness and how those components combined to result in our conscious experience
• established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany

Question 8

introspection

Answer 8

examines their own conscious thought and feeling. ex) obervers shown an object and are asked to reflect upon how they were perceiving it.

Question 9

structulaism

Answer 9

focues on structure and basic element of mind; understanding conscious experience through introspection.

Question 10

Sigmund Freud

Answer 10

• Austrian physician whose work focused on the unconscious causes of behavior and personality formation; founded psychoanalysis.
• fascinated by patients suffering from “hysteria” and neurosis
• PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY

Question 11

psychoanalitic theory

Answer 11

study of the unconscious, includes childhood and aggression issuees; theory perseonality development and clinical method for psy

Question 12

William James

Answer 12

1842-1910; Field: functionalism;

- Contributions: studied how humans use perception to function in our environment

Question 13

John Watson

Answer 13

behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat
- BEHAVIORISM

Question 14

Abraham Maslow

Answer 14

proposing a hierachy of human needs in motivation behavior.

Question 15

humanisim

Answer 15

perspective within psychology that emphasize the potential for good that is innate to human

Question 16

Jean Piaget

Answer 16

(1896-1980)

• stage theorists who studied childhood development
• focused on childrens cognitive growth
• cognitive abilities develop through specific stages

Question 17

Functionalism

Answer 17

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment

Question 18

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 18

a psychological approach that emphasizes that we often perceive the whole rather than the sum of the parts

• the whole is greater than the sum of its parts

Question 19

carl roger

Answer 19

emphasized the potential for good that exist within all ppl; providing genuissness, emphathy and unconditional position regard in therapetuic enviroment for his climent was critical to their being able to deal with problems

Question 20

contemporary psychology

Answer 20

diverse field that is influenced by historical perspective described in preceding section; foucsing learning, memory, though process and problem solving

Question 21

social psychology

Answer 21

focuses on how we interact with relate to other. seek how being among other ppl changes our own behavior and pattern of thinking

Question 22

development psy

Answer 22

study of development across a life span

Question 23

Process of conducting an experiment

Answer 23

1. ask a question that can be tested
2. design a study and collect date
3. analyze results and reach conclusions
4. share results with scientific community
5. replicate results

Question 24

Double-blind study

Answer 24

researcher and paricipants are bind to group

Question 25

single blind study

Answer 25

one of the group of participants are unaware as to which group they are in, while researcher know both group

Question 26

Sample

Answer 26

subset of population

Question 27

population

Answer 27

Population

Question 28

deduvtive reasoning

Answer 28

ideas are tested agianst empirical world

Question 29

inductive reasoning

Answer 29

emprical obseration leads to new ideas

Question 30

case study and what is limitation

Answer 30

provide big amount of information. | major limitation- inability to generalize the findings from larger population

Question 31

correleation research

Answer 31

relationship between two variables, dosen't imply cause and effect positive and negative correleation

Question 32

generalizing

Answer 32

ability to apply finding of particular research project to larger part of society

Question 33

naturalisitic oberservation

Answer 33

obersing behavior in its natural setting, often difficult to set up and time consuming

Question 34

inter rotter reability

Answer 34

measure of reability that assess the consistnecy of observation by research participants

Question 35

archial research

Answer 35

method of research using past records or data sets to answer various research questions, or to search for interesting patterns or relationships pros- less investment cons- very tailored questions

Question 36

longitudinal research

Answer 36

studies in which the same group of individuals are surveyed or measured repeatedly over an extended period of time

Question 37

Experimental research

Answer 37

- researcher must have specific hypothesis to be tested - studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant)

Question 38

cross-sectional research

Answer 38

compares multiple segments of a population at a single time pros- lots of information on one group cons- incredible time investment, willingness to continue

Question 39

experimental bias

Answer 39

possibility that a researcher's expectation might skew result of study

Question 40

operational defition

Answer 40

description of how we will measure our variables and allowing others to understand and see what we are experimenting