psy chapter 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

the science of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

what is the goal of basic research?

Answer 2

gather knowledge

Question 3

what does basic research do?

Answer 3

builds on existing knowledge

Question 4

What is the goal of applied research?

Answer 4

change behavior and outcome

Question 5

what does applied research often do?

Answer 5

often leads to real word applications

Question 6

hindsight bias

Answer 6

in retrospect psychological finding may seem logical

Question 7

why might we fall prey to hindsight bias?

Answer 7

we’re constantly seeking explanation for events

Question 8

anecdotal evidence

Answer 8

learning from experiences is a critical ability that helps us survive and adapt but it cannot take place of scientific findings

Question 9

science

Answer 9

A systematic approach to gathering knowledge through careful observation and experimentation

Question 10

what does science require?

Answer 10

analyzing data and sharing results in a manner that permits others to duplicate and verify work

Question 11

critical thinking

Answer 11

process of weighing pieces of evidence, synthesizing them and evaluating the contribution of each

Question 12

critical thinking (example?)

Answer 12

being open minded and skeptical at the same time

Question 13

Pseudopsychology

Answer 13

An approach to explaining and predicting behavior and events that appears to be psychology, but has no empirical or objective evidence to support it.

Question 14

plato

Answer 14

(430-347BCE) believed that truth and knowledge exist in the soul before birth

Question 15

Aristotle

Answer 15

(384-322 BCE) believed we know reality through our perceptions. we learn through our sensory

Question 16

What did Aristotle do?

Answer 16

paved the way for the empirical method

Question 17

Emprical method

Answer 17

a process that uses objective observation to measure and collect data

Question 18

Ibn al-Haytham

Answer 18

mathematician who embraced empiricism

Question 19

who was called the father of optics and why?

Answer 19

ibn al- haytham. for his theory of vision

Question 20

Wilhem Wundt

Answer 20

founded first psychology lab at the university of leipzig in germany

Question 21

Who is the father of psychology?

Answer 21

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 22

Structuralism

Answer 22

an early school of psychology that used introspection to determine the structure and most basic elementals of the mind

Question 23

who developed structuralism?

Answer 23

Edward Titchener

Question 24

Functionalism

Answer 24

focused on the function of thoughts, feelings, and behavior and how they help us adapt to the environment

Question 25

who help found functionalism ?

Answer 25

william james

Question 26

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 26

established her own laboratory at wellesly college. she was denied her PhD from harvard.

Question 27

who was the first female president of APA

Answer 27

Mary Whiton Calkins

Question 28

Margart Floy Washburn

Answer 28

first female PhD in psychology

Question 29

Mamie Phipps Clark

Answer 29

First Black female Ph.D.; denied faculty position because of gender

Question 30

What did Mamie Phipps Clark do?

Answer 30

explored impact of prejudice and discrimination on child development

Question 31

what was the freud problem?

Answer 31

many of his theories lack scientific support

Question 32

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 32

behavior and personality are primarily determined by learning

Question 33

Pavlov

Answer 33

research with dogs established classical conditioning

Question 34

Watson

Answer 34

established behaviorism

Question 35

what did watson do?

Answer 35

viewed psychology as the scientific study of behavior that could be seen and/or measured

Question 36

skinner

Answer 36

focused on operant conditioning

Question 37

What is operant conditioning?

Answer 37

type of learning that occurs when behavior are rewarded or punished

Question 38

humanistic psychology

Answer 38

An approach suggesting that human nature is by and large positive, and the human direction is toward growth.

Question 39

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 39

an approach examining the mental processes that direct behavior

Question 40

what did george miller do?

Answer 40

researched memory, which provided catalyst for cognitive revolution

Question 41

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 41

explore physiological explanations for mental processes and connections between behavior and human nervous system

Question 42

evolutionary perspective

Answer 42

behaviors and mental processes are shaped by the forces of evolution

Question 43

What is evolutionary perspective based on?

Answer 43

charles darwin's work

Question 44

Biological Perspective

Answer 44

uses knowledge about underlying physiology to explain behavior and mental processes

Question 45

Neuroscience

Answer 45

study of the brain and nervous system

Question 46

sociocultural perspective

Answer 46

an approach examining how social interactions and culture influence behavior and mental processes

Question 47

who noted sociocultural perspective?

Answer 47

lev vygotsky and mamie phipps clark

Question 48

biopsychosocial perspective

Answer 48

explains behavior through the interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors