psy chapter 12 Flashcards
(50 cards)
personality
a unique, core set of characteristics that influence the way one thinks, acts, and feels, and that are relatively consistent and enduring throughout the life span
temperament
- distinct patterns of emotional reactions and behaviors observed early in life
- remain somewhat stable across the life span but can be molded by environment
what are freud’s three levels of consciousness?
conscious, preconscious, unconscious
conscious
the state of being aware of oneself, one’s thoughts, and/or the environment
preconscious
mental activities outside your current awareness but that can be brought easily to your attention
unconscious
level of consciousness outside of awareness, which is difficult to access without effort or therapy
id
the most primitive structure of the mind, the activities of which occur at the unconscious level and are guided by the pleasure principle
ego
the structure of the mind that uses the reality principle to manipulate situations, plan for the future, solve problems, and make decisions go
superego
the structure of the mind that guides behavior to follow the rules of society, parents, or other authority figures
ego defense mechanisms
distort our perceptions and memories of the “real” world, without our awareness, to reduce the anxiety created by the conflicts among the id, ego, and superego
projection
occurs when the expression of a thought or urge is so anxiety provoking that the ego makes us see it in someone else or accuse another of harboring these same urges
repression
the way in which the ego moves uncomfortable thoughts, memories, or feelings from the conscious level to the unconscious
other ego defense mechanisms
- sublimation
- identification
- displacement
- repression
- rationalization
- projection
- denial
what are freud’s psychosexual stages of development ?
- oral
- anal
- phallic
- latency period
- genital
oral stage
- begins at birth and lasts until 1 to 1.5 years old
- the erogenous zone is the mouth
- the conflict during this stage generally center on weaning
- oral fixation: smoking, nail biting, excessive talking, and increased alcohol consumption
anal stage
- 1 or 1.5 to 3 years old
- the erogenous zone is the anus
- the conflict during this stage centers in toilet training
phallic stage
- ages 3- 6 years old
- the erogenous zone is the genitals
- conflict are successfully resolved through identification
- fixation can lead to promiscuity, flirtation, vanity, over dependence, bravado, and an increased focus on masturbation
oedipus complex
the attraction a boy feels towards his mother, along with the resentment or envy directed toward his father
electra complex
the attraction a girl feels toward her father, along with jealousy and anger toward her mother
latency period
- age 6 - puberty
- no erogenous zone, conflict, or fixation
genital stage
- begins at puberty
- erogenous zone is once again the genitals, but now in association with relationships
- often become attracted to partners who resemble the opposite sex parent
alfred adler
- humans are not just pleasure seekers but conscious and intentional in their behaviors
- we are motivated by the need to feel superior; this drive originates in childhood
- his theory of individual psychology focuses on each person’s unique struggle with feelings of inferiority
(non freudians)
carl gustav jung
analytic psychology
collective unconscious
universal experiences of humankind passed from generation to generation, including memories and archetypes
