PSY Test 2 Flashcards
(66 cards)
a branch of psychology that studies human development including physical, cognitive and social change throughout the life span
Developmental Psychology
aka identical twins, one egg fertilized by one sperm splits into two, leading to two embryos that develop as separate fetuses of the same sex with practically identical genes.
Monozygotic twins
aka fraternal twins, occur when two eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm, leading to two separate zygotes. They do not share the same genes. Genetically, they are like siblings.
Dizygotic twins
agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm
Teratogens
- Zygote: From fertilized egg to 2 weeks after
- Embryo: from 2 weeks through 2nd month
- Fetus: from 9 weeks after conception to birth
Stages of Prenatal Development in order
- fertilized egg
- enters a 2 week period of rapid cell division
- develops into an embryo
Zygote
Responsible for the Theory of cognitive development,
Jean Piaget
Comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. Believes we all build and modify a schema.
Piaget’s theory of cognitive development
Assimilation is interpreting one’s new experience in terms of one’s existing schemas. Accommodation is adapting one’s current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.
Schema Assimilation v. Accommodation
1st. Birth to nearly 2 years
2nd. About 2 to 6/7 years
3rd. About 7 to 11 years
4th. About 12 through adulthood
Stages of Cognitive Development Ages
Sensorimotor Experiencing the world through senses and actions (looking, touching, mouthing)
1st Stage of Cognitive Development
Preoperational Representing things with words and images but lacking logical reasoning
2nd Stage of Cognitive Development
Concrete operational Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations
3rd Stage of Cognitive Development
Formal operational. Abstract reasoning.
4th Stage of Cognitive Development
- Children explore using senses & motor skills
- Object permanence: the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived
- Stranger anxiety
- First words
1st Stage of Cognitive Development features and phenomena
- Egocentrism
- Centration: focus on only one aspect
- Conservation issues: not understanding how mass, volume can be represented
- Language development
- Theory of mind:believe others think the same as they do, know what they know
2nd Stage of Cognitive Development features and phenomena
- Concrete logic
- Understands conservation
- Mathematical transformations
3rd Stage of Cognitive Development features and phenomena
- Abstract logic
- Potential for moral reasoning
4th Stage of Cognitive Development features and phenomena
- an emotional tie with another person
- if these needs are met they form a Secure attachment
- shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation
- if they are ignored or emotional needs not met they can form Insecure attachment
Attachment
the period of sexual maturation when a person becomes capable of reproduction
Puberty
type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe themselves to be unique and protected from harm.
Personal fable
type of thought common to adolescents in which young people believe that other people are just as concerned about their adolescent’s thoughts and characteristics as they themselves are.
Imaginary audience
known for his theory on psychosocial development of human beings.
Erik Erikson
1st. Adolescence(teens in early 20’s)
2nd. Young Adult (20’s to ealy 40’s)
3rd. Middle Adult(40’s to 60’s)
4th. Late Adult (60’s and up)
Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development Ages