PSY260 - 12. Working Memory Flashcards

Question

Procedural Long Term Memory

Answer 1

stored by hippocampus in primates other than humans | memory for nonverbal, motoric skills + classical conditioning

Answer 2

* alert,activeandvigilant(Boly,2011) | * thecontentofexperiencefrommomenttomoment • Generalawarenessofexistence

Answer 3

least amount of communication is in comma patients more communication as we approach wakefulness continuum of states brain activation during dreaming

Answer 4

parietal + frontal cortex less conscious you are, less active control mechanism is we are unconscious, but we receive info

Answer 5

lesioned = reduced performance

Answer 6

you don’t allow light to come through, she doesn’t touch it at all

Answer 7

on left side of brain, animal cannot see what is happening retain info for too long, gets mixed up with info from now now - .07 sec long

Answer 8

Another way to look at consciousness is to look at how we perceive the passage of time retain info for too long, gets mixed up with info from now now - .07 sec long

Answer 9

Conscious images are more than moments in time | Episodic memories are more than moments in time

Answer 10

Duration is a collection of beats produced by an oscillator that are collected by an “accumulator”. • The perception of time requires an integration of these signals •William James – ‘Now’ is a limit between what has happened and what will happen. (Always in the past) ‘Now’ is not the moment in time, but a sample of what is being experienced

Answer 11

perception of time moving is part of our consciousness + understanding when we pay attention to time, errors in estimating time decreases presupplamentary motor cortex - pay attention to time

Answer 12

Plasticity – depends on how long a memory needs to be retained (Nature does not invent new things, but tests the value of changes) consciousness updated very quickly - 0.7 sec identity - happens quickly + sometimes once + we retain them

Answer 13

Working memory and executive function continue to develop through adolescence and even early adulthood One reason very young children remember if you were numbers and pictures than adults is simply that the children have had less exposure to such things

Answer 14

By adolescents, they accumulated more experience with numbers, words and patterns and this knowledge me give them an advantage at encoding those items into working memory Age-related improvement and working memory capacity at least partially reflects exposure to unfamiliarity with material to be remembered

Answer 15

Most people show relatively stable learning and memory and other types of cognitive function throughout adulthood Study finds relatively little change in most kinds of cognitive ability including verbal memory as participants age from 20 to 50

Answer 16

Many cognitive ability start to decline as humans reach their 60s and beyond Some such as numeric ability start to decline in humans as young as mid 30s, others such as verbal ability to remain strong well into old age

Answer 17

One of the last memory systems to fully mature in humans is also one of the first to show deficits in the course of healthy aging Possibly, older adults are less able to inhibit irrelevant, older information from entering working memory where crowds out the information that is relevant now

Answer 18

manipulation and application of working memory for planning, task switching, attention, stimulus selection and inhibition of inappropriate reflex behaviors

Answer 19

Short lasting mental representations, sometimes persisting for only a few seconds

Answer 20

* Brief transient sensations of what you have just perceived when you have seen, heard, touch, smell or tasted something * Visual sensory memory: temporary storage in sensory memory for information received by visual system

Answer 21

There is a form of sensory memory for each sensorimotor modality which lasts very briefly and captures wrought incoming sensory stimuli so that they can be processed and passed on to the short-term memory store, which may be later entered into long-term memory

Answer 22

Identifies memory buffers as being material specific: one stores verbal material and other stores object and location material Verbal tasks interfere with verbal short-term memory but not visual short-term memory and visual tasks interfere with visual short-term memory but not verbal short-term memory

Answer 23

Keeping track of goals, planning how to achieve them and determining priorities all draw heavily on central executive Tower of Hanoi: goal directed controlled updating of short-term memory

Answer 24

Central executive allows him to inhibit a habitual response that he developed and shift his attention to an alternative, context specific rule that he must remember perhaps by repeated rehearsal

Answer 25

automatic and willed Triggered by situational cues Deeply ingrained and reflexive and typically occur with minimal conscious awareness Generally do not interfere with other concurrent activities

Answer 26

occur in parallel, competing to influence our behaviors Mediated by supervisory attentional system which modifies behavior when automatic responses are inappropriate Inhibits automatic routines in favor for more appropriate behaviors and changes prioritization of cues for attention

Answer 27

Fundamental competition within our brains over the control of our behaviors and thoughts Various inputs competing for our attention at any given moment include both bottom my processes that are stimulus driven and top-down process that her goal directed and require selective attention to specific aspects of our environment

Answer 28

Although simple hardwired, reflective responses are useful for many situations that require rapid responding and minimal conscious effort, their insufficient for dealing with more complex facets of our dynamic world, where long range planning, goals and ability to foresee future consequences are necessary