PSYC203 Mark's Lectures Flashcards
(20 cards)
What does LeBon say about crowds?
When gathered in crowds we become primitive and uncivilised
What does Zimbardo suggest about deindividuation?
He formalised LeBon’s idea into a model
- anonymity
- diffused responsibility
- size of group
What is Zimbardo’s deindividuation study?
Study of kkk hoods vs name badges in a learning experiment
- Suggests being in a group provides anonymity and diffuses responsibility
What was Johnson’s study on deindividuation?
kkk vs nurses outfit
- found that the norms and stereotypes for each outfit dictate actions for each identity
What is the situationalist account for the Stanford Prison Experiment?
That it was the situation rather than the personality that explains behaviour patterns
What is the role based account for the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Emphasises the power of social roles to causing harm on own accord
- if there are no leaders, people will become tyrannical
What does LeTexier’s analysis on the SPE show?
Found that behaviour was manipulated and not as natural as reported.
What does the BBC Prison experiment show?
Supports Zimbardo’s SPE and shows behaviour cannot be assessed on the individual level
- guards identified strongly at first, then less
- prisoners identified as a group poorly, then after day 2 very strong
What is the personality approach by Adorno et al?
Proposed the authoritarian approach which suggests that parental anxiety creates the A-P in children
- this causes identification with the aggressor and displaced hostility to outgroups
Realistic conflict theory- Sherif
Suggests intergroup conflict arises as a result of real or imagined differing interests between groups
What does Sherif’s Summer Camp Study show?
Intergroup hostility arises from conflicting goals and competition for resources
How does Biling criticise Sherif’s Summer Camp Study?
He suggests that there were actually 3 groups not 2; the 2 boys and the researchers.
- shown how in one year the boys came together and ganged up on researchers
How does Cherry criticise Sherif’s summer camp study?
Suggests that the conflict dynamics were forced and unnatural
How does Tajifel criticise Sherif’s summer camp study?
Suggets that the boys wanted competition before it was suggested by the researchers
- This shows that drive for competition wasn’t to do with limited resources, but inter-group dynamics instead
Application of Social Identity in crowds
St.Paul’s riots
Shows how crowd took control to drive police out of city
Application of Social Identity in crowds
Scott et al. (1998)
- Fight between Scottish and Tunisian football fans
- Scots controlled Scottish fan
- shows how 1 person threatened the identity of the whole group
Application of Social Identity in crowds
Hopkins et al
- research at the Kumbh Mela found that some crowds can be positive
What does the Elaborated Social Identity Model (ESIM) suggest about crowd behaviour
suggests that crowd events are typically intergroup encounters and the identity of the group changes with each interaction
How does Reicher apply ESIM to crowds and policing?
When police treat crowds differently they see themselves as the united opposition
How has ESIM been used to decrease violence in croweds?
Through low-profile policing, isolating trouble and quick responses with minimal fuss
