PSYC4022 Testing and Assessment Week Six Neuropsychology Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
A neuron
A
A nerve cell
2
Q
Central Nervous System
A
The brain and spinal cord
3
Q
Peripheral Nervous System
A
The neurons that convey messages to and from the rest of the body
4
Q
Selectively permeable
A
Selective about what it lets in or out
5
Q
Resting Potential
A
Starting point for the neuron
6
Q
Na+
A
Sodium
7
Q
K
A
Potassium
8
Q
Refractory Period
A
After the cell fires, the chemical levels bounce down to lower than where it first started
9
Q
Synapse
A
Junction
10
Q
Lesions
A
Change to tissue resulting from injury or infection (Physical or Chemical). Will manifest themselves in various behaviour deficits
11
Q
Focal
A
At one site
12
Q
Diffuse
A
Scattered across sites
13
Q
Contralateral Control
A
Each hemisphere of the brain receives information from the opposite side of the brain and controls motor responses on the opposite side of the body.
14
Q
Nucleus
A
The brain of the cell
15
Q
Dendrite
A
Carries information to the cell
16
Q
Cell Body
A
Around the nucleus
17
Q
Axon
A
Cell that connects the Cell Body to the Axon Terminal
18
Q
Myelin Sheath
A
The wrapping around the Axon
19
Q
Node of Ranvier
A
Pauses between the Axons
20
Q
Axon Terminal
A
On the other side of the Axon sting from the Cell Body
21
Q
A Neuron2
A
An excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrochemical means
22
Q
Hyperpolarisation
A
The electrical gradient of the neuron continues to drop until the charge inside is considerably less than the outside
23
Q
Axon Hillcock
A
The neck of the cell body
24
Q
Synapses
A
Communication between neurons occurs at specialised junctions called synapses
25
Presynaptic Axon Terminal
Synaptic Transmission begins when the nerve impulse reaches the presynaptic axon terminal
26
Acetylcholine
A neurotrasmitter that relaxes heart muscles, but tightens skeletal muscles
27
Forebrain
The largest part of the brain, mostly made up of cerebrum
28
Cerebrum
Two hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum
29
Neurologically Intact Individual
Hemispheres compliment one another
30
Hard Sign
A definite indicator of neurological deficit e.g. cranial nerve damage as indicated by neuroimaging
31
Soft Sign
An indicator suggestive of neurological deficit e.g. an apparent inability to accurately copy a stimulus figure when attempting to draw it
32
Name 7 Parts of a Brain Cell
```
Cell Body
Axon
Nucleus
Dendrite
Myelin Sheath
Axon Terminal
Node of Ranvier
```
33
Name 3 Neurotransmitters
Dopamine
Seratonin
GABA
34
The brain is divided into 4 Lobes. What are they?
1. Frontal
2. Occipital
3. Parietal
4. Temporal
35
The Frontal Lobe contains areas for...
1. Ordering information and sorting stimuli (concentration, attention, planning)
36
If the frontal Lobe is damaged, it may affect the following areas;
1. Problem-Solving
2. Abstract thinking
3. Concept Formation
4. Foresight
5. Impairments in Concentration/ Attention
6. Gross and Fine Motor
7. Speech
37
What is the Occipital Lobe responsible for?
Visual Perception
38
If the occipital lobe is damaged, we might see impairments in which functions?
1. Blindness to all or part of the visual field
2. Deficits in Object Recognition
3. Integration of Symbols
4. Visual Scanning
5. Imagery Recall
39
The Parietal Lobe contains areas for;
1. Sense of touch and bodily position
40
If the parietal lobe is damaged, we might see impairments in;
1. Deficits in touch
2. Disorganisation
3. Self-Perception
41
The Temporal Lobes are responsible for;
1. Auditory Reception
| 2. Processing Visual Information
42
If the temporal lobes are damaged, we might see deficits in;
1. Sound Discrimination
2. Sound Comprehension
3. Sound Recognition
4. Music Appreciation
5. Voice Recognition
6. Auditory/ Visual Memory Storage
43
There are 3 main parts of the brain discussed here. What are they?
1. Cerebellum
2. Hypothalamus
3. Lymbic System
44
The Cerebellum is responsible for;
1. regulating breathing, balance and posture
45
If the cerebellum is damaged, it may cause deficits to;
1. Fine Motor Control.
| 2. Coordination Problems
46
The Hypothalamus is responsible for;
the regulation of eating, drinking, body temperature, sex and emotion (sensitive to fight or flight conditions)
47
If the hypothalamus is damaged, it might cause deficits in;
1. Uncontrolled eating or drinking,
| 2. Mild Alterations in Mood State
48
The Lymbic System is responsible for;
Expression of Emotions (amygdala, cingulate cortex, hippocampus)
49
If the Lymbic System is damaged, it may cause alterations to;
emotional behaviour (even personality e.g. Phineas Gage)
50
What are 3 disorders that may be caused by damage to the Cerebral Cortex?
Depression
Huntington's Disease
Mania
51
What are 2 disorders that might be caused by damage to the Cerebrum?
Epilepsy
| Stroke
52
What are 3 disorders that might be caused by damage to the Frontal Lobe
Alzheimer's Disease
Depression
Mania
53
Name 1 disorder you might develop as a result of damage to your parietal lobe?
Alzheimer's Disease
54
Name 3 disorders you might develop as a result of damage to your temporal lobe?
Mania, Alzheimer's Disease and Depression
55
Name 1 Disorder you might develop as a result of damage to your Lymbic system
Mania
56
Name 1 Disease associated with damage to the amygdala
Depression
57
Name 2 Disorders associated with damage to the Hippocampus
Mania
| Alzheimer's Disease
58
The substantia Nigra is within which part of the brain?
Midbrain
59
Damage to the substantia nigra is associated with which disease?
Parkinson's Disease
60
Damage to the Hindbrain is associated with which brain dysfunction?
Stroke
61
Which 3 parts of the brain make up the Hindbrain?
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebrum
62
Damage to the Pons is associated with...?
Sleep Disorders, Stroke
63
There are 3 sub-specialties of Neuropsychology. What are they?
1. Forensic
2. Geriatric
3. Paediatric
64
There are 4 approaches to Neuropsychology. What are they?
1. Clinical
2. Cognitive
3. Neuroimaging
4. Connectionist
65
There are 3 phases of Neuropsychological Testing. What are they?
1. History
2. Interviewing
3. Testing
66
There are 4 categories of Neuropsychological Testing. What are they?
1. Memory
2. Intelligence
3. Language
4. Executive Function
67
Name 2 Intelligence Tests discussed in Lectures
1. WAIS
| 2. WISC
68
Name 3 Memory Tests discussed in Lecture Notes
1. WMS
2. Doors and People (Verbal and Visual Recognition and Recall)
3. RAVLT (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test)
69
Name 5 Tests of Executive Function discussed in Lecture Note
1. WCST
2. Clock Drawing Task
3. Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure
4. Trail Making Test
5. Tower of Hanoi
70
Name 1 Language Test discussed in the Lecture Notes
Boston Naming Test
71
Name 1 General Test Discussed in the Lecture Notes
Mini Mental Status Exam
72
Name 5 Tests for Perceptual/ Motor Ability discussed in the Lecture Notes
1. Jigsaw Puzzles
2. Ishihara (1964) Test for Colour blindness
3. Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test
4. Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency
5. Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test
73
Name 1 Physical Exam discussed in the Lecture Notes
1. Stand Still, Finger-Nose, Finger Localisation, Finger Wiggle/ Finger Tapping
74
Name 7 Neuro-imaging techniques
1. MRI
2. fMRI
3. SPECT
4. CT
5. PET
6. EMG
7. EEG
75
There are 7 confounds in memory assessment. They are...
1. Tiredness
2. Thought Disorders
3. Anxiety and Stress
4. Physical Issues (Praxis)
5. Depression
6. ADD/ADHD
7. Drugs
76
The resting potential of the cell is slightly...
negative
77
When the cell is resting, the Sodium gates are...
closed
78
When the cell is resting, the Potassium gates are...
almost closed
79
Sodium flows into the cell. This is called....
Depolarisation
80
The electrical gradient continues to drop until the charge inside is considerably less than the outside. This is called...
Hyperpolarisation
81
How many Sub-tests are there for the WMS-IV?
11
82
How many Sub-tests of the WMS-IV are used to derive the Index Scores?
6
83
How many batteries are their for the WMS-IV?
2
84
What are the age brackets for the 2 WMS-IV Batteries?
16-69
| 65-90
85
What are the 5 Index Scores for the WMS-IV?
1. Visual Memory
2. Auditory Memory
3. Visual Working Memory
4. Immediate Memory
5. Delayed Memory
86
What are the 4 new sub-tests of the WMS-IV?
1. Brief Cognitive Status Exam
2. Designs
3. Symbol Span
4. Spatial Addition
87
The Sub-tests which make up the Auditory Memory Index (AMI) Index of the WMS-IV are;
1. Logical Memory I & II
| 2. Verbal Paired Associates I & II
88
The Sub-tests which make up the Visual Memory Index (VMI) Index of the WMS-IV are;
1. Designs I & II
| 2. Visual Reproduction I & II
89
The Sub-tests which make up the Visual Working Memory Index (VWMI) Index of the WMS-IV
1. Spatial Addition I & II
| 2. Symbol Search I & II
90
The Sub-tests which make up the Immediate Memory Index (IMI) of the WMS-IV are;
1. Designs 1
2. Visual Reproduction 1
3. Logical Memory 1
4. Verbal Paired Associates 1
91
The Sub-tests which make up the Delayed Memory Index (DMI) of the WMS-IV are;
1. Designs II
2. Visual Reproduction II
3. Logical Memory II
4. Verbal Paired Associates II
92
What are the 4 conditions of the Doors test and what objects are used in each condition?
Visual Recall - Shapes
Verbal Recall - People
Visual Recognition - Doors
Verbal Recognition - Names
93
The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test involves memorising a list of words how many times (with one distractor trial)
5
94
How many straight lines are in the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure
44
95
There are 3 conditions in the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test. What are they?
1. Copy
2. Immediate Recall
3. Delayed Recall
96
In the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test is the examinee told they will need to remember the figure for the delayed condition?
No
97
In the Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure Test how many minutes after initial presentation does the person need to re-create the figure in the delayed condition?
20-30 minutes
98
How many drawings are in the Boston Naming Test?
60
99
How long is the examinee given in the Boston Naming Test to name each picture?
20 seconds
100
If the examinee in the Boston Naming Test fails to give the correct name, what may the test administrator due to prompt the examinee?
Cue with a phonemic cue, the first part of the word
101
On the Clock Drawing Task, what are some of the "Red Flags" for screening someone for dementia?
1. Wrong Time
2. No hands
3. Missing Numbers
4. Number Substitutions
5. Repetition
6. Refusal
102
What are some of the advantages of using the Clock Drawing Task?
1. Fast and Easy to administer
2. Free
3. Clients Prefer it to the MMSE
4. Can detect problems in executive functioning even when someone scores well on the MMSE
5. Executive Functioning can be impaired before any memory problems are evidence, allowing for early treatment
