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External Exam > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous system 

A

Consists of the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral nervous system 

A

Consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous system 

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3
Q

Somatic

A

Voluntary movement of skeletal muscles motor neurons communicate to the central nervous system

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4
Q

Autonomic

A

Mostly without voluntary control, this response to threats flight, fight, or freeze or homeostasis, like sharing when cold

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5
Q

Types of autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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6
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic  nervous system

A

They’re both complimentary if I’m slow things down the other speeds, it up for examples, parasympathetic, constricts pupils by the sympathetic dilate to them

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7
Q

Reflexes

A

Unconscious response to our environment to keep us safe

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8
Q

Two types of spinal reflexes

A

Monosynaptic and Polly synoptic reflects arcs

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9
Q

Monosynaptic reflex arc

A

Direct communication between sensory and motor neurons, for example, the patella reflex

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10
Q

Polysynaltic reflex arc

A

Multiple steps, for example stimulation of pain receptors with skin initiates a withdrawal reflex

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11
Q

Why are reflexes fast?

A

As no information is passed of the cerebral cortex

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12
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Executive functions, thinking, planning organising problem-solving, emotions, behaviour, controlling personality

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13
Q

Motor cortex

A

Movement

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14
Q

Sensory
Cortex

A

Sensations

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15
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Perception, making sense of the world arithmetics

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16
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

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17
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Memory, understanding and language and hearing

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18
Q

How do we create meaningful sentences?

A

Through the brocas area where wenicks area and Gershwin’s area

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19
Q

Brockas area

A

Coherent speech

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20
Q

Wernickes area

A

Speech processing and understanding language

21
Q

Wernickes aphasia

A

Talk in nonsensical sentences

22
Q

Brocas aphasia

A

Can’t speak many words

23
Q

Primary motor cortex

A

Movement of skeletal muscles left and right finger movements equal more neurons

24
Q

Cerebellum

A

Moves, communicate with primary cortex, store sequences of movements

25
Q

Basel ganglia

A

Feedback, loop, controls, information, gathering, receives information from motor cortex

26
Q

Limbic system

A

Amygdala hypothalamus, and mid brain areas

27
Q

What is the limbic system in charge of?

A

Memory, emotion, behaviour and motivation

28
Q

Hippocampus

A

Helps with emotional regulation

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Controls basic survival action, such as regulating stress in the fight flight or freeze response

30
Q

Amygdala

A

Mediate, fear and also controls how we perceive emotions

31
Q

Neuron

A

Brain cell that talks with other neurons, via synaptic transmission

32
Q

Neurotransmitter process

A

Neurotransmitters under your lock and key process that allows for the correct neurotransmitter to be passed from one neuron onto another

33
Q

GABA

A

Main inhibitory neurotransmitter associated with nervous activity, responds to alcohol and benzodiazepines

34
Q

Glutamate

A

Excitation of neurons throughout the nervous system, necessary for the changes in synapses that occur with memory formation

35
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Found in brain, spinal cord, pns (everywhere), causes muscle contractions (voluntary or not), important role in learning memory and rem sleep

36
Q

Dopamine

A

Involved in thoughts, feelings, motivation and behaviour. Helps control behaviour and the Brian’s reward and pleasure centres, strong reinforcer of behaviour (addictive behaviours) (can treat Parkinson’s)

37
Q

Serotonin

A

Mood regulation, control of eating sleep, arousal, pain (can treat depression)

38
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Stress response, increase alertness and arousal. Increase blood pressure and releases glucose into the bloodstream, regulates mood and our ability to concentrate

39
Q

Epinephrine 

A

Hormone released by the adrenal gland in Response to fear, anxiety and emotional arousal  increase heart rate, breathing and blood pressure

40
Q

Perception

A

The selection, organisation and interpretation of visual sensations into meaningful events and objects

41
Q

Stage one reception

A

Light passes through the cornea and pupil and is focussed by the lens onto the retina which contains photoreceptors

42
Q

Stage two transduction

A

Rods and cones convert light energy into nerve impulses (as signals to the brain)

43
Q

Stage three transmission 

A

neural impulses, leave the retina by the optic nerve, and travelled to the occipital lobe in the brain

44
Q

Stage four selection

A

feature detector cells responding to specific features of a stimulus pattern

45
Q

Stage five organisation

A

The visual cortex recognises information received through the optic nerve using visual perception principles such as gestalt principles and depth cues (makes sense of what you see)

46
Q

Stage six interpretation

A

Visual stimulus is given meaning. Parietal love helps judge where objects are. Temporal lobe interprets and identifies objects

47
Q

Order of perception process

A

Reception, transduction transmission selection, organisation interpretation

48
Q

Rods

A

Black and white, peripheral vision, detecting movement, low visual activity, dim light, edges of retina

49
Q

Cones

A

Colour, middle retina, bright light

External Exam (2 decks)

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