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Psychology > Psych chapter 4 > Flashcards

Psych chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the left hemisphere control

A

speech and language

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2
Q

what does the right hemisphere control

A

visual motor tasks

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3
Q

split brain experiment

A

the severing of the corpus callosum, which stops the communication between hemispheres

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4
Q

what is severed in a split brain experiment

A

corpus callosum

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5
Q

what is a split brain operation used to stop

A

severe eppilespy

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6
Q

steps of visual pathway

A
  1. visual fields
  2. optic nerve
  3. optic chiasm
    4.
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7
Q

how does seeing work

A

stimuli from the right visual fields enters the left retina of both eyes and is transmitted to the left hemisphere

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8
Q

what part of the brain is language proccessed in

A

left hemisphere

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9
Q

what is proccessed in the right hemisphere

A

visual motor tasks

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10
Q

two types of neuro imaging

A

structural and functional

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11
Q

what is structural neuroimaging

A

technique that produces images or scans showing the brians structure or anatomy

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12
Q

what is functional neuroimaging

A

structure and function (the brain at work)

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13
Q

types structural imaging

A

CT and MRI

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14
Q

types of functional imaging

A

PET and FMRI

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15
Q

what is the hind brain?

A

collection of lower level brain structures

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16
Q

what structures does the hind brain include?

A

cerebellum, medulla , pons

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17
Q

what do the structures in the hind brain control?

A

motor functions and vital, automatic responses such as breathing and heart rate, as well as sleep, balance

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18
Q

what does cerebellum do?

A

coordinates voluntary movement

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19
Q

What is the concept of phrenology?

A

the personality traits of a person were determined by “reading” bumps and fissures in the skull.

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20
Q

What does the Pons do?

A

Regulates sleep, arousal and some muscle movement.

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21
Q

What does damage to the pons result in?

A
  • sensory problems,
  • sleep disturbances,
  • arousal dysfunction,
  • difficulty speaking,
  • swallowing
  • walking.
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22
Q

What can damage to the cerebellum cause?

A
  • reduced motor control
  • difficulty maintaining balance
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23
Q

What does the Medulla control?

A

vital survival functions
eg. breathing, digestion, blood pressure and heart rate

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24
Q

What can damage to the medulla cause?

A
  • interrupted messages between the spinal cord and the brain
  • cause problems with breathing, loss of muscle tone, uncontrollable hiccups and loss of feeling in the limbs.
  • can also be fatal as the Medulla controls your vital organs.
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25
What is the midbrain?
collection of structures involved with movement, processing of visual, auditory and tactile sensory information, sleep and arousal.
26
What does the midbrain do?
receives information from the eyes and ears and processes this to help produce orienting movements
27
What does the reticular formation (in the midbrain) do?
helps screen incoming sensory information so as not to overload the brain
28
What can damage to reticular formation cause?
disrupt the sleep–wake cycle » cause loss of control of attention » cause problems with pain management and balance » result in the person going into an irreversible coma
29
What does the Forebrain do?
regulates complex cognitive processes eg. thinking, learning, memory and perception, as well as various aspects of emotion
30
What are the Forebrain structures?
Hypothalamus Cerebrum Thalamus
31
What is the hypothalamus primary function?
homeostasis, which is to maintain the body's status quo system-wide.
32
What can damage to the hypothalamus cause?
disruptions in body temperature regulation, growth, eating habits and weight control, emotions, sexual behaviour and motivation, and sleep cycles
33
What does the thalamus do?
relays sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and regulates consciousness, sleep, and alertness.
34
What does damage to the thalamus cause?
- loss of any sense, (except smell) - sensory issues - problems with movement and tremors - attention problems - insomnia - coma.
35
What does the cerebrum have and do?
Two large halves called hemispheres that control conscious actions.
36
Where is the cerebral cortex
The cerebrum
37
What is the cerebral cortex responsible for?
thinking, learning, memory, movement, emotions, and personality.
38
What does the cerebral cortex do?
complex mental abilities eg. perception, learning, memory, language, thinking and problem solving.
39
what can damage to the cerebral cortex result in?
problems with cognition, sensation, movement and/or behaviour
40
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
FPOT. Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
41
What are the three main areas of the frontal lobe?
Prefrontal cortex Primary motor cortex Broca's area
42
What does the frontal lobe do?
integrates information received from other brain areas or structures give meaning to it to determine an appropriate response.
43
What does the prefrontal cortex do?
higher level cognitive processes eg. decision-making, planning, analysing, motivation, attention, problem solving, organisation, initiating action, goal-directed behaviour, self-monitoring and controlling responses.
44
What does the Primary motor cortex do?
controls voluntary bodily movements. left side for right and vice versa
45
What is Broca's area responsible for?
movement of the mouth muscles for the articulation of words for meaningful speech.
46
What can damage to the Broca's area cause?
Broca's aphasia
47
What is Broca's aphasia?
a speech disorder where the person is unable to produce clear and articulate speech, having difficulty producing speech, may struggle with written language.
48
What can damage to the frontal lobe cause?
- difficulty with decision-making, planning, organisation and attentional control - memory loss - inability to understand social cues or regulate emotions - loss of motor skills - dramatic changes to an individual’s personality and emotional control - speech difficulties.
49
What are the Parietal lobes responsible for?
registering the sensations in the brain and coordinating sensations and movement
50
What do the parietal lobes enable us to do?
perceive our own body and the environment around us.
51
What's in the parietal lobes?
Somatosensory cortex
52
What doe the Somatosensory cortex do?
receives and processes sensory information such as touch, pressure and pain.
53
What does damage in the parietal lobe result in?
loss of sensation in a body area
54
What does damage to the right side of the parietal lobe result in?
difficulty navigating spaces, even familiar ones.
55
What do the occipital lobes do?
are mainly involved with the reception & processing of visual information.
56
where are the Occipital lobes located?
the back of the cerebral cortex
57
Where are the occipital lobes located?
the back of the cerebral cortex
58
Where is the frontal lobe?
the big chunk at the front
59
Where are the parietal lobes located?
behind the frontal lobes and above the occipital lobes.
60
What does the occipital lobe have in it?
The primary visual cortex
61
What does the Primary visual cortex do?
involved with vision, where it receives & processes signals from both eyes.
62
What does damage to the occipital lobe result in?
visual impairment even if the eyes and the optic nerve are uninjured.
63
What are the Temporal lobes responsible for?
registering sounds and are involved with hearing, language skills and social understanding
64
Where are the temporal lobes?
located on either side of the brain near the ears.
65
What are the parts of the temporal lobe?
Primary auditory cortex Wernicke's area
66
What does the Primary auditory cortex do ?
receives & processes auditory information from the ears and integrates it with information from other senses.
67
What is Wernicke's area responsible for?
Comprehension of language. It identifies sounds as words so their meaning can be understood.
68
What can damage to Wernicke's area result in?
Wernicke's aphasia
69
What is Wernicke's aphasia?
a speech disorder where people have difficulty understanding written and spoken language although they can speak fluently.
70

Psychology (4 decks)

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