Psych chapter 5

Question 1

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 1

The nervous systems ability to change it’s structure and function from experience and injury

Question 2

When does neuroplacticity happen?

Answer 2

The whole life, though infancy and adolescence are periods of rapid development in brain structure and function.

Question 3

What is neurogenesis?

Answer 3

The production id new neurons during early development of the nervous system.

Question 4

What is neural migration?

Answer 4

The movement of newly formed neurons to their final destination in the nervous system.

Question 5

What is sypnatogenesis?

Answer 5

The process by which new sypnases are formed between neurons

Question 6

What is sypnatic pruning?

Answer 6

The process of removing extra, weak or unsused sypnaptic connections.

Question 7

What does sypnatic pruning do?

Answer 7

It allows the brain to progressively develop in depth and increases the efficience of neural transmission.

Question 8

What is myelination?

Answer 8

protecting and insulating neurons by coating the axon in myelin.

Question 9

What does myelination do?

Answer 9

Increases the speed of neural information transition

Question 10

What are some structural brain changes in aging?

Answer 10

• decrease in brain volume
• deterioration of myelin
• reduced sypnatic connections

Question 11

What are some cognitive brain changes in aging?

Answer 11

• decline in multi tasking ability
• slower processing of stimuli
• decline in attention

Question 12

What is adaptive placticity?

Answer 12

The brain’s neurons can alter the connections between synapses to adapt to a person’s environment when they learn something new.

Question 13

When does adaptive plasticity occur?

Answer 13

over the whole life span

Question 14

What is sprouting?

Answer 14

The creation of new connections between neurons

Question 15

What does sprouting involve?

Answer 15

The generation of additional branches

Question 16

What is rerouting?

Answer 16

Undamaged neuron has lost a connection with a damaged neuron connecting to another one

Question 17

What is involved in developmental placticity?

Answer 17

• neurogenesis
• neural migration
• sypnatogenesis
• sypnatic pruning
• myelination

Question 18

What is an acquired brain injury (ABI)?

Answer 18

brain damage caused by events after birth

Question 19

What does an ABI do?

Answer 19

affects the functional ability of the brains nerve cells

Question 20

What happens when a person has an ABI?

Answer 20

A portion of their brain cells are destroyed or deteriorates. The result is some form of impairment or dysfunction.

Question 21

What are the two causes of an ABI?

Answer 21

• Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
• Non traumatic brain injury (NTBI)

Question 22

What is a traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Answer 22

External force damages brain cells and causes dysfunction
eg. fall
- assault

Question 23

What is a non traumatic brain injury (NTBI)?

Answer 23

Internal factors damage brain cells and cause dysfunction
eg. stroke
- tumor

Question 24

What are the effects of damage to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 24

results in some form of dysfunction to which the degree depends on what area of the brain was injured

Question 25

Why is Phineas Gage's case notable?

Answer 25

The first time people connected brain injury to personalty. His injury affected his BPS funtioning

Question 26

What are some possible biological ABI symptoms?

Answer 26

- headaches - loss of motor skills - sleep disturbance

Question 27

What are some possible cognitive psychological ABI symptoms?

Answer 27

- difficulty processsing info - loss of attention - difficulty planning and organising

Question 28

What are some possible emotional/behavioural ABI symptoms?

Answer 28

- increased aggression - depression - increased anxiety

Question 29

What are some possible social ABI symptoms?

Answer 29

- Isolation - Can't identify social cues - No self awareness

Question 30

What is a neurological disorder?

Answer 30

diseases or events that affect the brain, spinal chord and the nerves that connect them

Question 31

What causes a neurological disorder?

Answer 31

damage to the nervous system due to genetic or environmental causes

Question 32

What is contemporary research?

Answer 32

Newer studies

Question 33

What does contemporary research allow?

Answer 33

The discovery of new treatments, is less invasive, and more accessible

Question 34

What is a limitation of contemporary research?

Answer 34

May lack peer reviewing or may not have been replicated, so it's less credible

Question 35

What is epilepsy?

Answer 35

A brain disorder that causes recurring, unprovoked seizures.

Question 36

What are epilepsy seizures?

Answer 36

Surges of electrical activity in your brain

Question 37

What causes epilepsy?

Answer 37

It is unknown, but split into 5 categories: structural, genetic infections, metabolic, immune and unknown

Question 38

What is the gut brain axis?

Answer 38

The bidirectional connection between the gut and the brain

Question 39

How are the gut and brain connected?

Answer 39

they communicate and influence one another

Question 40

What can imbalanced microbiota lead to?

Answer 40

Central nervous system disease, progression, such as the progression of neurological disorders

Question 41

what is Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)?

Answer 41

A progressive, degenerative and fatal brain disease linked to repeated blows to the head

Question 42

How is CTE characterised?

Answer 42

By behavioral problems, personality changes and deficits in thinking

Question 43

What does CTE cause?

Answer 43

Areas of the brain to waste away (atrophy) which results in the person losing brain mass.

Question 44

Tua in CTE?

Answer 44

There are higher levels of a protein called Tua in some brain areas of people with CTE

Question 45

Tua clumps and tangles?

Answer 45

Causes the cells to become defective and lose their ability to function

Question 46

What happens to tua when it builds up?

Answer 46

Affected parts of the brain shrink affecting the persons cognition and behaviour, usually resulting in dementia

Question 47

How many stages of CTE are there?

Answer 47

4

Question 48

CTE stage 1:

Answer 48

- headaches - loss of attention

Question 49

CTE stage 2:

Answer 49

- anxiety - depression

Question 50

CTE stage 3:

Answer 50

- cognitive impairment - problems with executive functions

Question 51

CTE stage 4:

Answer 51

A form of dementia - motor deficits - psychotic symptoms

Question 52

How is CTE diagnosed

Answer 52

After death testing brain tissue to see if there's degeneration

Question 53

What are some treatments for CTE?

Answer 53

- behavioural therapy - mood swings - pain management therapy - memory exersises