psych chapter 7

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining, and using knowledge

Question 2

thinking

Answer 2

the manipulation of mental representations of info in order to draw inferences and conclusions

Question 3

mental images

Answer 3

mental representation of objects or events that are not physically present

Question 4

concept

Answer 4

mental category of objects or idea based on properties they share

Question 5

formal concept

Answer 5

mental category that is formed by learning the rules or features that define it

Question 6

natural concept

Answer 6

mental category that is formed as a result of everyday experience

Question 7

prototype

Answer 7

most typical instance of a particular concept

Question 8

problem solving strategies

Answer 8

trial and error
algorithms
heuristic
insight
intuition

Question 9

trial and error

Answer 9

process of elimination

Question 10

algorithms

Answer 10

involves following a specific rule, procedure, or method that inevitably produces the correct solution

Question 11

heuristics

Answer 11

rule of thumb

not random

Question 12

insight

Answer 12

sudden realization
a hunch
relies on past knowledge but not consciously aware

Question 13

intuition

Answer 13

coming to a conclusion w/o conscious awareness of thought process
2 stages
guiding stage- perceive a pattern in the info youre considering (unconsciously)
integrative stage- representation of the pattern becomes conscious

Question 14

functional fixedness

Answer 14

tendency to view objects as functioning only in their usual or custom way

Question 15

mental set

Answer 15

tendency to persist in solving problems with solutions that have worked in the past

Question 16

decision making strategies

Answer 16

single-feature model
additive model
elimination by aspects model

Question 17

single-feature model

Answer 17

decision based on one feature

Question 18

additive model

Answer 18

generate a list of factors important
rate each factor
add up ratings

Question 19

elimination by aspects

Answer 19

evaluate all alternatives one characteristic at a time

eliminate alternative that fail to meet your criteria

Question 20

availability heuristics

Answer 20

likelihood based on how readily available instances of events are in memory

Question 21

representative heuristics

Answer 21

likelihood of event on how similar it is to our prototype of the event

Question 22

intelligence

Answer 22

global capacity to think rationally, act purposefully, and deal effectively w environment

Question 23

Binet

Answer 23

w/ help of Simon devised a series of tests to measure different mental abilities
focused on mental abilities (memory, attention, and ability to understand similarities and differences)
mental age- individuals mental age is expressed in terms of the average abilities of given age group

Question 24

Terman

Answer 24

revised Binet’s test (Standford-Binet Intelligence Test)
IQ- derived by dividing # of persons mental age by chronological age and times by
army alpha- those who could read
army beta- those who couldnt read

Question 25

Wechsler

Answer 25

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Test provided scores on 11 subtests 11 scores grouped together to provide a verbal score and performance score

Question 26

aptitude test

Answer 26

test designed to assess a persons capacity to benefit from education for a training

Question 27

achievement test

Answer 27

test designed to measure a persons level of knowledge, skill, or accomplishment in a particular area

Question 28

standardization

Answer 28

the test given to a large # of people who are representative of the group of people for who the test is designed

Question 29

normal curve

Answer 29

normal distribution bell shaped distribution of individual differences in a normal population in which most scores cluster around the ave score

Question 30

reliability

Answer 30

ability of a test to produce consistent result when administered on repeated occasions under similar conditions

Question 31

validity

Answer 31

ability of a test to measure what is intended to measure

Question 32

spearman

Answer 32

intelligence is a general ability people who did well on one ability did well on others and vise versa g (general) factor responsible for persons overall performance on tests of mental ability

Question 33

thurstone

Answer 33

there was 7 diff primary mental abilities | didnt believe in g factor

Question 34

gardner

Answer 34

multiple intelligence | mental abilities are biologically distinct and controlled by diff parts of the brain

Question 35

sternberg

Answer 35

three forms of intelligence | triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 36

triarchic theory of intelligence

Answer 36

3 forms of intelligence analytic-mental process used in learning creative- ability to deal with novel situations by drawing on existing skills and knowledge practical- ability to adapt to the environment (street smarts)

Question 37

autism spectrum disorder

Answer 37

common feature is problem with communication and social interaction

Question 38

autism

Answer 38

may be unresponsive to social interactions, engage in repetitive or odd motor behaviors, and highly restricted routines and interests

Question 39

asperger syndrome

Answer 39

show normal even advanced language development | exhibit unusually narrow interests and inflexible behavior , have IQ normal to genius

Question 40

mental retardation

Answer 40

condition of IQ below 70 | can be caused by brain injury disease or genetic disorder