Psych Development

Question 1

brain

Answer 1

organ in your head made up of nerves that process information & control behaviour

Question 2

anterior

Answer 2

develops from 5 weeks. towards the front of the brain

Question 2

posterior

Answer 2

develops from 5 weeks. directly towards the back of the brain

Question 2

cerebellum

Answer 2

area of the brain near the brainstem that controls motor movements

Question 2

medulla oblongata

Answer 2

develops from 6 weeks. connects the brain to the spine & controls automatic responses

Question 3

forebrain

Answer 3

front part of the brain, including the hemispheres and the central brain structures

Question 4

midbrain

Answer 4

middle section of the brain forming part of the central nervous system

Question 5

hindbrain

Answer 5

lower part of the brain that includes the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 6

neural connections

Answer 6

links formed by messages passing from one nerve cell (neuron) to another. 700-1000 new connections form every second between 0-3 yrs

Question 7

piaget stage 1

Answer 7

sensorimotor stage
0-2 yrs
infants use their senses and movements to get information
object permanence begins from 6 months

Question 8

piaget stage 2

Answer 8

pre-operational stage
2-7 yrs
splits into 2 sub-stages

symbolic function stage
2-4 yrs
children start imitating others & can use objects as symbols
egocentrism is present after 6 months

intuitive thought stage
4-7 yrs
start of reasoning. children ask a lot of questions, as they realise they know a lot and want to know more
centration is present

Question 9

piaget stage 3

Answer 9

concrete operational stage
7-12 yrs
children begin to apply rules & strategies to help their thinking, and use concrete objects to aid their understanding
seriation, classification, conservation, reversibility & decentration are present

Question 10

piaget stage 4

Answer 10

formal operational stage
12+ years
they think about controlling objects and events, control over thoughts, 2+ things when thinking, acknowledgement of time, knowing actions have consequences and things move in sequences

Question 11

object permanence

Answer 11

knowing something exists even if its out of sight

Question 12

symbolic play

Answer 12

children play using objects to represent other objects and ideas

Question 13

egocentrism

Answer 13

unable to see the world from any other viewpoint but one’s own

Question 14

animism

Answer 14

believing that inanimate objects can behave as if theyre alive

Question 15

centration

Answer 15

focusing on one feature of a situation and ignoring other relevant features

Question 16

decentration

Answer 16

ability to take multiple views of a situation (conservation relies on this)

Question 17

conservation

Answer 17

length, quantity or number arent related to how things look

Question 18

seriation

Answer 18

sorting objects, such as into size

Question 18

classification

Answer 18

naming and identifying objects according to size or appearance

Question 19

reversibility

Answer 19

understanding that an action can be reversed to return to the original state

Question 20

irreversibility

Answer 20

not understanding that an action can be reversed to return to the original state

Question 21

strenghts of piaget’s theory

Answer 21

practical applications generated a great deal of research

Question 22

weaknesses of piaget’s theory

Answer 22

didnt look at the influence of social interactions or the cultural setting, which can affect development of thought patterns data came from interviews and observations, which could cause his situational interpretations to be subjective, leading to bias. lack of validity

Question 23

framework

Answer 23

a basic understanding of ideas and facts that is used when making decisions

Question 24

person praise

Answer 24

someone praises the individual rather than what they're doing

Question 25

process praise

Answer 25

someone praises what is being done, not the individual

Question 26

entity theory

Answer 26

a belief that behaviour or ability results from a person's nature

Question 27

incremental theory

Answer 27

a belief that effort drives behaviour and ability, which can change

Question 28

Morals

Answer 28

standards of right and wrong behaviour that can differ between cultures & depend on the situation

Question 29

moral development

Answer 29

children's growing understanding about right and wrong

Question 30

heteronomous

Answer 30

rules put into place by others

Question 31

autonomous

Answer 31

rules can be decided by the individual person