Psych Exam 1 Flashcards by Aeri Kensey

What is Psychology

The study of behavior and mind

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Who viewed the world as a picture

John Locke

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Who viewed the world as a painting

Emmanuel Kant

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Whats Empiricism

Evidence thru observing

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Whats Nativism

Innate Knowledge

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When was the first lab

1897

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Who is the father of Psych

William Wundt

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Whats Structuralism

analyze mind by breaking
it down into basic parts, studied thru introspection

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Whats functionalism

How mind processes info to help humans adapt
what you do not what your made of

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Whos Sigmund Freed

Developed Psychoanalytic theory

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Whats Psychoanalysis

Therapy aiming to provide insight into
contents of unconscious mind

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Whats Behavioralism

suggests that psychologists should
only study objectively observable behavior

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Gestalt

The whole is more than
the sum of its parts.

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Social Psychology

deals with social interactions

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Cognitive Psychology

scientific study of human
information processing, including perception, thought,
memory, and reasoning

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Evolutionary psychology

studies how mind & behavior have
been shaped by natural selection

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Cultural Psychology

studies how
cultures (values, traditions, &
beliefs) influence mental
processes of their members

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Whats Rationalism

knowledge thru reason and argument

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Scientific Method steps (there are 6)

Identify Problem
Gather info
Hypothesis
Design and conduct
analyze
restart

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The 5 ethics principles

Beneficence
Fidelity & Responsibility
Integrity
Justice
Respect for people’s rights
& dignity

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Independent variable

The variable that is manipulated

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Dependent Variable

Variable thats measures

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Experimental vs controlled

ex: group that does experiment
cont: baseline measure

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Types of measurement

Reliability: How consistent is measure
Validity: How accurate is measure
Power: Ability to detect differences in
variable being measured, when they exist

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Internal Validity

How much did IV(s) cause changes in DV(s)?

External Validity

How well do findings generalize to real-world settings?

Scatterplots

visual representation of relationship between variables

Linear + and -

Positive ~ as X scores increase, Y scores also tend to increase * Negative ~ as X scores increase, Y scores tend to decrease

nonlinear

Curvilinear ~ as X scores increase, Y scores alter direction after certain point in relationship * No relationship ~ X & Y scores do not seem to move in same direction

Two Major Nervous System Divisions

Central (CNS) Peripheral (PNS)

Central (CNS)

Brain and spinal cord

Peripheral (PNS)

Everything besides brain and spinal

Somatic nervous system (SNS)

Voluntary Movement conveys information into & out of CNS

Autonomic nervous systems (ANS)

carries involuntary & automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs, & glands

Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS

Sympathetic NS

Fight or Flight

Parasympathetic NS

Relax and rest

Spinal Cord

transmit sensory information to brain & to distribute motor information to organs and muscles

Divisions of Brain

Hindbrain Midbrain Forebrain

Hindbrain

Controls basic life functions

Midbrain

Orientation and movement

Whats the highest level of the brain

Forebrain

cognitive, emotional, sensory, & motor functions 15

Hindbrain Parts (4)

Medulla Reticular Formation Pons Cerebellum

Medulla

Survival Center (heart and lungs)

Reticular Formation

regulates arousal, sleep, wakefulness, attention, & alertness

Pons

rea of info relay from cerebellum to rest of brain

Cerebellum

Controls & coordinates fine motor movements

Midbrain Parts (theres 2)

Tectum Tegmentum

Tectum

Helps orient in environment

Tegmentum

movement and arousal

Parts of Forebrain (3)

Cerebral cortex subcortical Structures Corpus Callosum

Cerebral Cortex

Outermost brain layer divided into 2 hemispheres

Subcortical Structures

Housed under cerebral cortex near brain’s center

Corpus Callosum

thick band of nerve fibers connecting the 2 hemispheres (used to cut during strokes)

Limbic System (4)

Thalamus Hypothalamus Hippocampus Amygdala

Thalamus

Relay station for sensory info (not smell)

Hypothalamus

keeps body balanced

Hippocampus

learning and memory

Amygdala

emotional

4 Lobes of Brain

Frontal Temporal Parietal Occipital

Frontal Lobe

Movement, planning, memory, judgment, etc.

Pre-Frontal Cortex

complex decision-making

Brocas Area

Speech Production

Temporal Lobe

hearing and language

Parietal Lobe

Touch

Occipital Lobe

light and visual

Endocrine System

network of glands that produces & secretes hormones into bloodstream

Whats the master gland

Pituitary gland

releases horomones Control stress, digestive activities, & reproductive processes

Pineal gland

helps sleep

Cell

basic structural & functional unit of life forms. carries out functions

Neurons

communicate with each other

Glial Cells

support cells

Neuroplasticity

ability of neurons & their networks to change

BRAIN PLASTICITY

Brains ability to change

Parts of a neuron

Dendrites Soma Axon Nodes of Ranvier Axon Terminals

Dendrites

receives info from other neurons & relays to soma

Soma

keeps cell alives, holds nucleus (DNA)

Axon

carries messages from soma to terminal

Nodes of Ranvier

gaps of myelin sheath

Myelin

fatty layer surrounding nerve cells, brain, and spinal cord

Axon terminals

releases neuron transmitters

Synapse

fluid-filled space between neurons

What is connected to the soma

dendrites

Conduction

Movement with neuron

Transmission

movement across synapse

Whats negative internal charge

-70 mV

Whats resting potential

difference in electric charge between inside and outside of neuron's cell membrane

What stages are referred to as electrochemical action

transmission and conduction

Whats action potential

electric signal conducted along neuron’s axon to synapse rapid charge to neuron

Whats a refractory period

time following an AP during which a new AP can’t be initiated

whats the cells body

the soma

What's it called when something blocks a neuro transmitter (NT)

Antagonist

What records electrical activity of neurons

EEG

What uses x-rays to locate tumors

What brain study method uses magnetism

MRI

What measures activation of areas during task via changes in blood flow

FMRI

What uses radiation to track activation, molecular changes, & NTM release

PET

Which hemisphere is responsible for reading, writing, understanding, speaking, ect.

Left

Which hemisphere is responsible for task, inferring, and creativity

Right

Psych Exam 1 Flashcards

(101 cards)