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Psych 111 > Psych Midterm #2 > Flashcards

Psych Midterm #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Intelligence

A

One’s cognitive capability to acquire, process, recall, and apply info

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2
Q

What are the types of intelligence?

A

Fluid, crystallized, and emotional

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3
Q

Fluid

A

Ability to think on your feet

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4
Q

Crystallized

A

Ability to use language, skills, experience to address problems.

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5
Q

Emotional

A

Accurately understand emotions in yourself and in others. (Label and identify them)

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6
Q

Binet-Simon IQ test

A

Looks at your mental age/chronological age x100

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7
Q

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

A

More modern, and tests a wider range of abilities.

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8
Q

What are the problems with IQ test measurements?

A

Flynn effect: New groups outperform old groups that scores were previously considered “normal” on IQ tests.
Also they may not accurately measure across cultures, economic backgrounds, etc.

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9
Q

What is a stereotype threat

A

The knowledge that a particular stereotype applies to you and it then affects your performance. (“People who look like you do worse on tests”)

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10
Q

What are the 4 types of problem-solving?

A
  • Heuristics (Educated guesses, rule of thumb, narrows down possible solutions)
  • Working backward
  • Insight (aha!)
  • Creativity (Combining ideas or behaviors in new ways)
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11
Q

What are some problems with problem solving?

A

Functional fixedness, Mental set, and confirmation bias

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12
Q

Functional fixedness

A

Thinking only of typical functions of objects

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13
Q

Mental set

A

Persists in patterns that have worked in the past

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14
Q

Confirmation bias

A

Searching for evidence to support your idea while ignoring everything else.

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15
Q

What is learning?

A

Any relatively permanent change in behavior comes by experience or practice.

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16
Q

What are the different types of learning?

A

Implicit learning, habituation, sensitization

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17
Q

Implicit learning

A

Changes in behavior even though you never intended to learn something. Is also nonassociative learning, which is a single repeated exposure that leads to behavior change. Is often seen in animals.

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18
Q

Habituation

A

Becoming less responsive

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19
Q

Sensitization

A

Becoming more responsive to something

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20
Q

What are some principles of effective learning?

A

Forgetting, metacognition, and transfer-appropriate processes

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21
Q

Forgetting

A

Updating knowledge and forgetting the wrong way to do something.

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22
Q

Proactive interference:

A

Cannot learn something new because of something you have already learned.

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23
Q

Retroactive interference

A

Forgetting something you learned because of something new you learned.

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24
Q

Metacognition

A

Monitoring your own learning and memory.

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25
Transfer-appropriate processes
Memory works better when retrieval is similar to the encoding process (studying classical music for the music room)
26
Masses Practice v. Distributed practice
Massed means it's all enclosed together. Distributed is learning that takes place over time.
27
Classical conditioning
You pair two stimuli until the first stimulus elicits a response of the second stimulus. (Dogs and bells and droll)
28
Conditioned Stimulus/response
29
Unconditional stimulus/response
30
Operant conditioning
31
Primary reinforcers
32
Secondary reinforcers
33
Negative reinforcers
34
Punishment by application and removal
35
Bandura's Social Learning Theory
36
Encoding
37
Engrams/memory traces
38
Encoding specificity principle
39
Transfer appropriate processing
40
Hindsight bias
41
Misinformation effect
42
Storage
43
Retrival
44
Serial position effect
45
Sensory
- Iconic Eidetic - Echoic
46
Short term + long term memory
47
Episodic
Events in a particular time and place.
48
Semantic
Permanent storage of general knowledge
49
Flashbulb
Automatic encoding happens when an unexpected event has a strong emotional association to you.
50
Retrograde v. Anterograde amnesia
51
Misinformation effect
Presented with new information that affects your memory.
52
False memories
People come up with memories that never occurred at all.
53
Photo spreads
Police show lineup with initial suspect and people who are known to be innocent (foils)
54
Schemata
Memory template created through repeated exposure to a particular class of objects or events.
55
Consciousness
An awareness of what is going on around you - Waking: clear organized - Altered: Shift in quality or pattern of mental activity, difference from waking consciousness.
56
Low Awareness
Cues: sweating with snakes Priming: Activation of certain thoughts that make them easier to think of and act on, cultural rules. You can most easily influence someone in low awareness (hypnosis)
57
High awareness
More control of their own thoughts (mindfulness)
58
Freud's theory of consciousness
Memories and basic motivations are not always accessible to our conscious minds.
59
Hypnosis
Dissociation (a separation from our awareness) Hypnotherapy (a form of therapy to help someone. Used in addiction and pain reduction)
60
Hallocinogens
61
Depressants
62
Stimulants
63
What are some of the effects of a decline in sleep? (risk in obseity)
64
Do sleep amount and time matter?
YES.
65
Insomnia
66
Sleep Apnea
67
Narcolepsy
68
Night Terrors
69
REM Behavior disorder
70
N1 (theta waves)
71
N2 (theta waves)
72
N3 (delta waves)
73
REM stage
74
Dissociative Disorders
There are two types: State and trait dissociation.
75
State dissociation
A temporary symptom. Lasting only a view minutes or hours.
76
Trait dissociation
An integral aspect of personality. It's a part of you.
77
Dissociative amnesia
Extensive forgetting typically associated with highly aversive events. (Getting helped at gunpoint, but you can't remember any other events of that day)
78
Dissociative fugue
Short-lived reversible amnesia for personal identity, involving unplanned travel or wandering.
79
Depersonalization/derealization disorder
Feeling as though you are an outside observer of your own body.
80
Dissociative identity disorder
Experiencing two or more distinct identities that recurrently take control of your behavior.
81
What are the areas of study in social psychology?
Attraction, attitudes, peace and conflict, social influence, and social cognition.
82
Where does social psychology fit in the levels of analysis?
It uses all levels, but usually falls into the higher levels. (culture.environment, relationships/groups, behavior, thoughts/feelings/perceptions)
83
Social categorizations
84
Stereotypes
85
Implicit personality theory
86
Situational Cause
87
Dispositional cause
88
Fundamental attribution error
89
Actor-observer bias
90
Cognitive dissonance
Sense of discomfort or distress when your behaviors do not correspond with your attitudes
91
ABC model of attitudes
Affective component (emotions and feelings) Behavior component (actions) Cognitive component (thoughts, thought processes)
92
Conformity
93
Normative social influence
94
Informational social influence
95
Obedience
96
Social facilitation
97
Social impairment
98
Social loafing
99
Groupthink
100
Group polarization
101
Central persuasion
Direct, relevant, logical messages.
102
Peripheral persuasion
103
Testimonials and endorsements
104
Presenting message as education
105
Word of mouth
106
The Maven
107
Free gifts
108
Reciprocity
109
Social proof
110
And that's not all
111
Sunk cost trap
112
carcity
113
Foot in the door
114
Door in the face
115
Triad of trustworthiness
Authority (parents, teachers, doctors) Honesty (moral dimension of trustworthiness) Likability (if we like you, we are forgiving)
116
Fixed action patterns
Sequences of behavior that happen the same way, same order, every time they're elicited.
117
Stereotyping/stereotype content model
118
Prejudice
119
Discrimination
120
Difference between stereotype threat and self-fulfilling prophecy
121
Blatant bias (social dominance orientation)
122
Subtle biases (implicit association tests)
123
Agression
124
What are some causes of aggression?
125
Relational aggression
Intentionally harming another person’s social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group.
126
Hostile Perception Bias
The tendency to perceive social interactions in general as being aggressive.

Psych 111 (4 decks)

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