psych Sac Nervous System

Question 1

central nervous system

Answer 1

carries messages to and from the PNS

Question 2

Brain

Answer 2

How we think, feel, do

Question 3

Spinal cord

Answer 3

connects brain and PNS (Spinal Reflex)

Question 4

Peripheral nervous system

Answer 4

carries messages to and from the CNS

Question 5

Somatic nervous system

Answer 5

carries messages from sensory receptors in the body to the CNS and motor messages from the CNS

Question 6

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 6

connects CNS to internal organs and glands

Question 7

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 7

prepares body for action (flight and fight)

Question 8

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 8

calms body after action (freeze)

Question 9

Enteric nervous system

Answer 9

digestive system

Question 10

Receive, process and coordinate a response

Answer 10

receive info, make decisions and decide what’s happening

Question 11

Nervous system

Answer 11

to communicate sensory info all over the body

Question 12

Neuron

Answer 12

transmits messages to and from the brain with various functions

Question 13

Neural Pathway

Answer 13

connected neurons that transmit electrical and chemical signals between different parts of the nervous system

Question 14

Conscious response

Answer 14

awareness, voluntary

Question 15

Unconscious response

Answer 15

no awareness, involuntary

Question 16

spinal reflex

Answer 16

unconscious, involuntary

Question 17

Receptor

Answer 17

sensory receptors

Question 18

sensory neuron

Answer 18

detects and transmits sensory information to the central nervous system (CNS)

Question 19

Interneuron

Answer 19

messengers, processing and relaying information between neurons to coordinate responses.

Question 20

Motor neuron

Answer 20

transmits signals from the central nervous system (CNS) allowing movement and bodily functions to occur.

Question 21

Synaptic gap

Answer 21

nerve signals are transmitted from one neuron to another.

Question 22

Neural synapse

Answer 22

enables communication within the nervous system, allowing the brain, spinal cord, and nerves to coordinate thoughts, actions, and reflexes.

Question 23

Neurotransmitter

Answer 23

chemical substance carries message from the presynaptic to post

Question 24

Neuromodulator

Answer 24

chemical messenger, affects multiple neurons, last longer

Question 25

Dopamine

Answer 25

neurotransmitter (a chemical messenger) inhibitory and excitatory including mood regulation, movement, reward, and motivation

Question 26

Glutamate

Answer 26

Excitatory, likely to fire. Learning and mood

Question 27

GABA

Answer 27

inhibitory, less likely to fire.

Question 28

Serotonin

Answer 28

chemical messenger (inhibitory) example mood, sleep

Question 29

Synaptic plasticity

Answer 29

change to experience

Question 30

Sprouting

Answer 30

new connections (growth)

Question 31

rerouting

Answer 31

alternative pathways

Question 32

Pruning

Answer 32

elimination of weak unused synapses

Question 33

Long term potentiation (LTP)

Answer 33

enhancements of synaptic transmission (fire together, wire together)

Question 34

Long term depression (LTD)

Answer 34

Decrease in strength of synaptic transmission (use it or loose it)

Question 35

Acute stress

Answer 35

short time

Question 36

chronic stress

Answer 36

long time

Question 37

stress

Answer 37

physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal (personal problems) and external (originates outside the individual from situations and events in the environment)

Question 38

stressor

Answer 38

stimuli that cause or produce stress and challenge our ability to cope

Question 39

Eustress

Answer 39

positive form of stress that helps improve motivation, focus, performance, and overall well-being

Question 40

Distress

Answer 40

distress (which is negative and overwhelming)

Question 41

SAM sympathomedullary

Answer 41

brain-body pathway that activates flight, fight or freeze response

Question 42

Cortisol

Answer 42

stress hormone, respond to stress by increasing energy

Question 43

HPA axis

Answer 43

hypthamlamus, anterior pituitary, adrenal gland then cortisol

Question 44

GBA (gut brain axis)

Answer 44

communication between the central and the enteric nervous system

Question 45

Gut microbiota

Answer 45

digestion

Question 46

gut dysbiosis

Answer 46

imbalance in the gut microbiota

Question 47

psychobiotics

Answer 47

live bacteria (probiotics) or prebiotics that have mental health benefits by positively affecting the gut-brain axis

Question 48

GAS(General Adaptation Syndrome)

Answer 48

exposed to prolonged stress. (alarm, resistance and exhaustion)

Question 49

Alarm reaction/ shock/ counter shock

Answer 49

reacts to stress, sympathetic nervous system is activated, cortisol activated

Question 50

resistance stage

Answer 50

adapts to stressor, cortisol maintains energy levels, suppresses immune system

Question 51

exhaustion stage

Answer 51

prolonged cortisol exposure weakens body. Mental breakdown (illness)

Question 52

Transactional model of stress and coping

Answer 52

stress involves an encounter (transaction) between an individual and their external environment.

Question 53

primary appraisal

Answer 53

evaluate the significance (important or not)

Question 54

secondary apprasial

Answer 54

coping options and resoures

Question 55

Coping

Answer 55

manage internal and external stressors

Question 56

coping strategies

Answer 56

manage stress

Question 57

approach and avoidance

Answer 57

deal with stressor, indirectly deal with stress

Question 58

coping flexibility

Answer 58

effectively modify coping strategies of different situations