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Psych/Soc MCAT > Psych/Soc Class VI > Flashcards

Psych/Soc Class VI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the limbic system?

A

Controls emotion and memory

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2
Q

What are the different parts of the limbic system?

A

Hippocampus: Processes and integrates memory
Amygdala: Anger
Hypothalamus: hunger and sex drive

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3
Q

What are ways to evaluate the brain structurally?

A

CT can

MRI

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4
Q

What are ways to evaluate the brain functionally?

A

EEG (electrical activity)
fMRI (see Brian as its working)
PET (images of Brian in action via radioactive glucose)

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5
Q

What its the difference between functional and structural brain evaluations?

A

Structural only gives a snap shot of brain and can’t observe brain in action over time

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6
Q

What is neural plasticity?

A

changes in the neural pathways in the brain

-rewires itself

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7
Q

What is longterm potentiation?

A

Connections between neutrons strength (though to be how we learn and memorize)

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8
Q

What are the 3 stages of memory?

A

Encoding (memorize)
Storage (long or short term)
Retrieval (RECALLING INFO)

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9
Q

Roughly how are memories stored?

A

Sensory info comes in, we can either save it (attended) or lose it (unattended). It foes into short term and its lost if it is not encoded to longterm,. You have to reverse it to keep it in longterm

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10
Q

What is the difference between the primary effect and the recency effect?

A

Primary is remembering things at the beginning of the list

Recency is remembering things at the end of a list

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11
Q

What do we call it when primary and recency effect are combined?

A

Serial position effects

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12
Q

What is the working memory (baddely model)?

A

Central executive which controls congnitive processes and is made up of:

1: phonological (short term by repeating)
2: Visuospatial sketch ( visual and spatial)
3: Episodic buffer (linking what you are doing wth meaning of the past experiences)

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13
Q

What are the different ways to encode information into the brain?

A 
Rehearsal
Chunking
Elaboration (organize and understand material)
Self reference 
Spacing
Mnemonics
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14
Q

What does sensory memory store?

A

Ionic (Visual) acoustic/echoic (auditory)
Decays quickly
-visual stays <1 sec
-auditory stays 2-4sec

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15
Q

What does short term memory store?

A

Stores up to 7 items for 1-4 mins

-chunking helps with this

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16
Q

What does long term memory store?

A

Permanent retention

Info is semantically encoded

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17
Q

What are the 2 forms of long term memory storage?

A

Explicit: Consciously considered truth

Implicit: Unconsciously considered truth

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18
Q

What are the 2 categories of Explicit longterm memory?

A

Episodic: personally experienced

Semantic: general knowledge of facts and information

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19
Q

What are the 2 categories of implicit longterm memory?

A

Procedural: motor skills

Classical conditioning

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20
Q

What is a retrieval cue?

A

Anything that helps you remember something

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21
Q

What is priming?

A

Exposure to 1 influences the response to another stimulus

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22
Q

What are the 2 kinds of priming you can have?

A

+ priming speeds up processing

  • priming slows down processing
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23
Q

What is the difference between context and state dependent memory?

A

Context: retrieve stuff better when in same context

State: Same internal state when retrieving memory

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24
Q

What are the different ways to recall info?

A

Free recall: recall info in any order
Cued recall: retrieval from 1 for more cues
Recognition
Relearning: relearning info quicker than the first time you learned it

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25
What are the different types ono memory?
Flashbulb: emotionally arousing events Eidetic (photographic) Reproductive: accurate retrieval of info Prospective: remember to do something in future Dual coding: words and visual to later recall Levels of processing: depth of processing Reminiscence bump: remembering 10-30 years ago but not events closer to you Practice effect Method of Loci: visual and spatial Peg words
26
What are intrusion errors?
Substitute something similar in meaning but is not exact - we rebuild memory every time we recall it - said ono be reconstructive and therefore prone to error
27
What is displacement?
Replacing items in the buffer or middle
28
What kind of memory loss happens in sensory memory?
decay
29
What kind of memory loss happens in short term memory?
Decay Intrusion error Displacement
30
What kind of memory loss happens in long term memory?
Decay Interference Retrieval failure
31
What is interference?
Competing info blocks retrieval
32
What are the 2 categories of interference?
Proactive: prior memories interfere with stuff you already learned Retroactive: new info interferes with the stuff you already know
33
What memory improves with age?
Semantic | Emotional intelligence
34
What memory remains stable with age?
Implicit | Crystallized intelligence
35
What memory decreases with age?
``` Episodic Source Divided attention Operational span in working memory Processing speed ```
36
What is source monitoring error?
Misidentifying the origins of your knowledge
37
What is a false memory?
Make up memory for something that didn't happen
38
What is misinformation?
Episodic memory becomes less accurate because of post info works backwards in time
39
What is anterograde?
Cant create new memories
40
What is retrograde?
Loss of access to retrograde memory
41
What is non associative learning?
Organism changes the magnitude of the response due to repeated exposure
42
What are the 3 ways in which we can categorize non associative learning?
habituation: réponse diminishes Dishabituation: remains stimulus Sensitization: very sensitive to stimulus, more annoyed and cant tune It out
43
What is classical conditioning (associative learning)?
2 stimuli paired with the response in that response to 1 stimuli changes -Ivan pavlov and dog experiment
44
What are the different phases of classical conditioning?
Acquisition phase: hoping to acquire the association 1st extinction: loss pf condition stimulus to lose lose condition response Spontaneous recovery: extinct condition happens with stimulus 2nd extinction: strength of response decreases
45
What is generalization and discrimination in classical conditioning?
Generalization: other stimulus stimtlatesthe same condition Discrimination: conditioned stimulus is distinguished from another similar stimuli
46
What is operant conditioning (associative learning)?
Reinforcement are employed to mold behavioural repsonses
47
What is a reinforcement?
increase likelihood of behaviour happening again, get a reward
48
What are the 2 kinds of reinforcements?
+ adds something that's. rewarding. to organism - takes something away thats pleasant to increase likelihood of something happening
49
What is a punishment?
Decreases likelihood of behaviour happening again
50
What are the 2 kinds of punishments?
+ add something that organisms won't like to decrease behaviour - takes something away that is desirable so they don't do something again
51
What is the Dopamine reward pathway?
Reinforcement are more effective because of dopamine
52
What are the differences between primary and secondary reinforcements?
primary: dont have to learn that we want this )neatly desire) Secondary: learn to want it
53
What are the differences between primary and secondary punishments?
Primary: without learning we dont like Secondary: learning to not like
54
What is a token economy?
System where behaviour are reinforced with token and can later be exchanged for derivable stimuli, but they can become reliant on this stimuli
55
What is a reinforcement schedule?
Frequency that organism receives punishment or reinforcement
56
What are the different kinds of reinforcement schedules?
Continuous: reinforcement after every single response Fixed ratio: Reinforcement after set # of responses Variable: reinforcement after variable # of response Fixed interval: after set amount of time Fixed variable: after variable amount of time
57
What is an extinction burst?
No longer getting reinforcement they are accustomed to
58
What is shapping?
Show organism what you want them to do
59
What is discriminative stimulus?
Increases response when present because you have learned
60
What is instinctive drift?
behaviour we teach animals is disruptive to intrinsic behaviour
61
What are the 2 biological processes that affect observational learning?
Mirror neurons Vicarious emotions
62
What are mirror neurons?
Fire some pattern when we observe another perform a known action -those that fire together wire together
63
What are vicarious emotions?
feeling what others feel
64
What insight learning?
Solution to problem suddenly comes to us in what m might be a "flash of insight" -Ex: Köler chimp studies with 2 sticks and a bunch of bananas
65
What is latent learning?
Learning happens but isn't obvious, material learned revealed later -Ex: rats in maze with cheese

Psych/Soc MCAT (7 decks)

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