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PSYCH1005 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are components of sherer’s model 2

A

How people respond to positive appraisal and how it shapes emotions
- Cognitive appraisal
- Bodily sensations
- Action tendency
- Expression
- Feelings

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2
Q

Two factor analytical studies of the Structure of emotions (WC) 2

A

(Watson and Clark)
- Negative emotions
- Positive emotions

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3
Q

Two factor analytical studies of the Structure of emotions (L) 2

A

(Lang)
Valence and arousal
high arousal + high valence - excited
High arousal + low valence - angry
Low arousal + high valence - relaxed
Low arousal + low valence - depressed

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4
Q

Adaptive functions of positive emotions 2

A

Broaden perception (creative)
Build resources for personal growth (resilience)

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5
Q

Multiple core inputs of positive emotions 2

A

Multiple core inputs
- Genetics (50%)
- life circumstances (10%)
- Intentional activities (40%)

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6
Q

Build and Broaden theory and evidence for 2S

A

Positive emotion lead to increased creativity and adapted perspective helping for personal growth
Evidence (Frederickson)
- people who watch posoitive videos are more creative compared to negative
Evidence (Sheldon Cohen)
Positive emotions less likely to cause colds

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7
Q

Empirical vs social predictors 4

A

(Haslam et al. 2018)
Social support and integration ranking
- Empirical = number 1 and 2
- Social = ranked low

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8
Q

Empirical predictors def 4

A

Based on past research of direct observation and real world issues

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9
Q

Social predictors def 4

A

Social factors impacting mental health

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10
Q

Public health model 4

A
  • social connectedness affects mental health
  • limited theory yet good empirical research
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11
Q

What is social connectedness 4

A

Feeling like you belong to a community and in society

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12
Q

Psychiatric Model 4

A
  • Mental health affects social connectedness
  • Good theory, limited empirical research
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13
Q

Intergroup vs group based 4

A

one-on-one vs group based

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14
Q

subjective vs objective. 4

A

Subjective - Based on feelings rather than facts
Objective - based on facts rather than feelings

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15
Q

Best predictors of wellbeing 4

A
  • Feeling like you belong (subjective)
  • The group reflects how I am socially perceived
  • Subjective is more important than objective
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16
Q

Importance of social relationships 4

A
  • Provide purpose
  • Fulfil psychological needs
  • giving and receiving support
  • group based interventions
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17
Q

Evidence for the importance of social relationships 4

A

Relationships Australia - Neighbour Day
- Community bonding after a woman died with 300,000 people coming together in 2019 and in 2021 people who are connected in this event have a higher wellbeing than those who didn’t

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18
Q

Purpose of Human quest 5

A

People trying to find out their life purpose

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19
Q

Purpose of Religion 5

A

A community, which follow the same purpose

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20
Q

Purpose of Philosophy 5

A

Meaning of life (life as a whole)

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21
Q

Purpose of Literature 5

A

to provide new ways of thinking helping us to develop on our purpose

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22
Q

Purpose of psychology 5

A

meaning in life (more self centred and subjective

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23
Q

Measurements of Wellbeing 5

A
  • Ryff scales
  • PERMA model
  • Purpose in life
  • Meaning in life questionnaire
  • Sources of meaning profile (SOMP)
  • Values Living Questionnaire (VLQ)
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24
Q

What does PERMA model stand for 5

A

P - Positive emotions
E - Engagement
R - Relationships
M - Meaning
A - accomplishments

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25
Ryff's scales of Psychological wellbeing 5
The extent to which individuals see their life having a meaning
26
Purpose of Life (PIL) 5
Musich et al. There are goals and a sense of direction and there is meaning in the past and present
27
Sources of meaning 5
1. Primary (Family + friends) 2. Middle (Animals, work, health) 3. Lower (hobbies)
28
Limitations of Wellbeing measurements 5
Needing more subjective data to make both quantitative and qualitative data
29
Evidence for meaning and purpose mattering 5
Ikigai - Purpose and meaning associated with longer life and health
30
Autonomy def 6
Degree to which we are free to self-determine our thoughts, feelings and actions in accordance with our values
31
Low autonomy def 6
- Submit to peer pressure - Self-evaluation against societies standards - extrinsic motivations (Destination)
32
High autonomy 6
- Makes individual choices - Self-evaluation against own standards - intrinsic motivation (Journey)
33
Self- determination Theory 6
(Deci and Ryan) - the scale of people's autonomy and how it is a need for intrinsic motivation
34
Process of developing autonomy 6
1. Early childhood 2. Adolescence 3. Adulthood
35
Early childhood role 6
- recognise self as unique with own thoughts seperate to others e.g. Sally Anne task where false belief is create
36
Adolescence role 6
- Explore identity and beliefs - Detach from parental views
37
Adulthood role 6
- Build skills to support autonomy
38
Measuring Accomplishment 7
(Seligman, 2011) - accomplishment can be measured both subjectively and objectively - PERMA model is subjective
39
accomplishment linked with Intrinsic motivation 7
Bieg et al, 2017 - learning something due to it being interesting
40
Importance of accomplishment 7
creates satisfaction and engagement - Kern et al, 2015 - school study 1300 people do questionnaire found accomplishment improved wellbeing in students and teachers - Diener and Seligman 2004 - Evidence for people enjoying work activities compared to non-work due to accomplishment
41
Studies on how to strengthen accomplishment 7
- Garner et al, 2016 - daily reflections (reflect on three successful experiences everyday lasting effects 3-6 months
42
High vs low self acceptance def 8
high - Positive self view to acknowledge own positives/negatives low - dissatisfied self view, negative view of self
43
Self-esteem peaks at what age 8
70-80
44
Gender differences in self-esteem 8
- males show high self-esteem in late adolescence due to appearance standards and violence
45
Self-Esteem in relation to academic achievement 8
Higher self-esteem has no correlation to improving academic grades
46
Problems correlating with pursuing self-esteem 8
- overestimate qualities - unstable sense of self
47
KN's three components of self-compassion (how to achieve) 8
Neff's (2003) - Mindfulness - present and balanced emotions - common humanity - recognise suffering is a shared human experience - Self-kindness - treating self with same kindness as others
48
Compassion focused therapy - PG 8
Gilbert, 2014 teaching self-compassion to manage psychological distress
49
Benefits of self compassion 8
- Not associated with narcissism - better resilience in hard times
50
Three circle model of emotion (G) 8
Gilbert, 2014 Cultivates self-compassion and understanding these emotions 1. Drive system - seeking reward 2. threat system - fight or flight (protect self) 3. soothing system - calm and content
51
What is growth without awareness 9
Triggered by milestones
52
Growth with awareness 9
Triggered by environmental factors (death)
53
Growth with intentionality 9
Actively pursuing growth (therapy)
54
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) 9
A score from 0 to 10 asking people questions about their negative experiences in their childhood Prevalence 0/10 - 36% 1/10 - 26% 2/10 - 16% etc.
55
Post traumatic growth example 9
People after 9/11 people reported increased life meaning and faith
56
Beliefs about attributes regarding personal growth and evidence 9
Fixed mindset - abilities are fixed Growth mindset - abilities are shaped and developed (Blackwell et al, 2007) - growth mindset leads to higher achievement and learning)
57
Supportive relationships for personal growth and evidence 9
Lee et al, 2018 - supportive relationships lead to choices that favour long-term growth over short
58
What is the Gibbs reflective cycle 9
Allows people to learn from experiences Description - what happened Feelings - emotions during and after Evaluation - positive and negative aspects of events Analysis - understanding why things went well or not Conclusion - lessons learnt Action plan - planning improvements for future
59
What is physical health 10
complete psychical wellbeing not just the absence of disease
60
modifiable lifestyle factors and examples 10
habits that relate to health maintenance AUS Big 4 - smoking, diet, alcohol, physical activity
61
Context 1 10
Non-communicable diseases (NCD's) - 1 in 2 Australians affected with 2/3 NCD's caused by lifestyle factors
62
Context 2 10
Chronic conditions causing pain and psychological distress
63
Sleep in relation to wellbeing 10
Gireesh et al 2018 - increase wellbeing when over 8 hours sleep and reading
64
5 factors of social ecological change 10
This helps cause shifts in behaviour depending on their environment 1. individual - personal characteristics 2. interpersonal - relationship with family and friends 3. Institutional - broader community (workplace and school 4. community - people who live around you 5. Policy - laws and regulation preventing certain things (smoking)
65
Fantasy Realisation Theory def 10
Oettingen, 2012 fantasising about goals can either make someone 1. more motivated to achieve that goal or 2. create unrealistic goals due to not understanding the challenges properly (Therefore makes people plan a structure for the obstacles faced)
66
What is positive psychology 11
Derived around positive subjective experiences
67
Case study of Positive Psychological states 11
1. Optimism 2. forgiveness (forgiveness therapy working and reduces chance of repeating same mistakes) 3. Hope (1 and 2 can be taught)
68
Critiques of positive psychology 11
It can overlook structural issues as they cannot solve them themselves
69
Responses to intergroup inequality 11
1. individual mobility - based on personal identity and permeable boundaries 2. Social creativity - reframed group status 3. Social change - people collaborating to employ social identities to change social systems (Protest)

PSYCH1005 (7 decks)

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