Psychiatric Disorders - Depression and Schizophrenia Flashcards
(13 cards)
how is depression diagnosed
mental state examinations
neuropsychological assessments
monoamine hypothesis
reduction in monoamines (NE and 5-HT) cause depressive symptoms increasing them will resolve symptoms
glucocorticoid hypothesis
PVN of hypothalamus releases CRH
anterior pituitary releases ACTH
adrenal glands release cortisol
cortisol binds to glucocorticoid receptors to turn off HPA axis activation
in depression negative feedback loop is not functioning properly
SSRIs increase/decrease ____ and increase ____
GR expression, GR binding affinity
gut-brain-axis hypothesis
alterations in bacterial flora in the gut affect vagus nerve which communicates with the brain
positive symptoms of schizophrenia
disorders of thought
hallucinations
delusions
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
anhedonia
flattened emotional response
lack of initiative and persistence
social withdrawal
cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
reduction in psychomotor speed
problems with learning and memory
problems with abstract thinking
reduction in problem solving abilities
biomarker of schizophrenia
enlarged ventricles
multiple hit model
genetic predisposition
environmental insults
exposure to trauma
dopamine hypothesis
NMDA receptors on autoreceptors allow less GABA activity in schizophrenia = no inhibition of DA release
excess DA in mesolimbic neurons - positive symptoms
less DA function in mesocortical neurons - negative symptoms
what are antipsychotics’ mechanism of action
DA receptor antagonists
typical vs atypical antipsychotics
first vs second-generation
less side effects with atypical
