Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Quesmed > Psychiatry > Flashcards

Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rapidly progressive neurological condition caused by a mis-folded protein, known as a prion.

he prion causes huge cell death in the brain; progressing rapidly from mild memory and mood changes to myoclonus, speech and language impairment, seizures and death. On post mortem, brain tissue samples shows prominent and widespread vacuole development creating a spongiotic appearance. This is associated with also massive neuronal loss. The average life expectancy in CJD is only around 5 months and it is invariably fatal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is splitting?

A

Phenomenon sometimes seen with emotionally unstable personality disorder.
Relationships alternate between idealisation and devaluation.

As a result patients may regard others as either wholly good or wholly bad, without reasonable grounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus present?

A

Wet (incontinent), Wobby, wacky

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long does acute stress reaction last?

A

No more than 1 month.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Difference between acute stress reaction and adjustment disorder?

A

Acute stress reaction is due to highly stressful event ie mugging.

Adjustment disorder is where the stressor is not as severe or outside the norm ie redundancy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Can patients with previous heart disease take trycyclic antidepressnets?

A

No. CI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the side effects of memantine?

A

Constipation
Confusion
Hallucination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How long should a hypomanic and a manic episode last?

A

Hypomanic - must be present for 4 days for an episode to be diagnosed

Manic - must be present for a week for an episode of mania to be diagnosed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When does depression need to occur after birth for it to be classed as post-partum depression?

A

12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long does a period of low mood/depression symptoms need to last for it to be classed as depression?

A

2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What will be raised in the blood in anorexia nervosa?

A

Cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is the QT interval affected in anorexia?

A

Long QT interval (hypokalaemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Side effects of 1st line mild Alzheimer’s drugs?

A

Cholinergic side effects
SLUDGE
S - salivation
L - lacrimation
U - urinary incontinence
D - diaphoresis, increased salivation
G - GI distress (diarrhoea, N+V)
E - meiosis (pinpoint pupils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SEs of anticholinergic drugs:

A

Hot as a hare - high temp
Dry as a bone - decreased sweating/dry mouth
Blind as a bat - dilated pupils - blurry vision
Red as a beet - high temperature
Mad as a hatter
+ constipation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What would a pansystolic murmur with a click indicate in the context of anorexia nervosa?

A

Mitral valve prolapse due to loss of heart muscle, with the mitral valve remaining the same size.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is knights move thinking?

A

Named after they way the knight moves in chess.
This thought disorder is characterised by illogical leaps between unconnected ideas. Also known as loosening of associations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the first line drug for panic diorder?

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe what happens in thought blocking

A

Patient is talking then abruptly stops for a few seconds. Then starts talking about a completely different topic.

19
Q

What type of antidepressnets cause sexual dysfunction?

A

SSRIs

20
Q

How can you tell the difference between mania and hypomania?

A
  • mania symptoms must last at least 7 days. Hypomania must last at least 4 days
  • psychotic symtoms are inly seen in mania (ie delusions of grandeur)
21
Q

Low levels of which neurotransmitter are associated with the development of anxiety?

A

GABA
It has an inhibitory effect on the brain and reduces neuronal excitability. This means there is a reduced inhibitory effect in the brain, allowing neurons to activate at an increased rate.

22
Q

What things in the blood are high in anorexia?

A

Gs and Cs are high
- high cortisol
- high cholesterol
- high growth hormone
- salivary Glands enlargement

Exception is glucose which is low

23
Q

What drug is used to treat EPSEs caused by anti-psychotics?

A

Procyclidine - anti-cholinergic.
Helps balance out the balance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain.

24
Q

Woman is prescribed amitryptiline for depression.
Most common side effect of amitryptiline?

A

Urinary retention due to anti-cholinergic effect

25
Q

What is the most common side effect of 2nd generation anti-psychotics?

A

Weight gain

26
Q

What is the 2nd line ADHD med?

A

Atomexine
Noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor

27
Q

In meningitis, Which abx is for children in hospital who are
A. Under 3 months old
B. Over 3 months old

A

A. Cefotaxime
B. Ceftriaxone

28
Q

What monitoring does methylphenidate (Ritalin) need in children?

A

Measure height and weight every 6 months as Ritalin can cause reduced appetite and therefore slow growth.

29
Q

Which part of the brain shows reduced function in ADHD?

A

Frontal lobe

30
Q

Diagnostic criteria for PTSD

A

Symptoms must last >1 month and be interfering with daily life

31
Q

Clinical features of lithium at therapeutic dose

A

Fine tremor
Dry mouth
Gastrointestinal disturbance
Increased thirst
Increased urination
Drowsiness
Thyroid dysfunction

32
Q

Clinical features of lithium toxicity

A
  • Coarse tremor
  • Central nervous system disturbance, which may include seizures, impaired coordination, and dysarthria
  • Cardiac arrhythmias
  • Visual disturbance
33
Q

What is the classic triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Gait disturbance + dementia + urinary incontinence

34
Q

What does normal pressure hydrocephalus look like on MRI?

A

Dilated ventricles disproportionate to cerebral atrophy

35
Q

Side effects of SSRIs

A

GI upset
Anxiety and agitation
QT interval prolongation (especially associated with citalopram)
Erectile dysfunction
Hyponatraemia
Gastric Ulcer

36
Q

Side effects of TCAs

A

Tricyclic anti-depressants are a second line medication for depression. They are strongly associated with anti-cholinergic activity. Consequently, the common side effects include:

Urinary retention
Drowsiness
Blurred vision
Constipation
Dry mouth

37
Q

Cautions with SNSRIs

A

Should be omitted in mania
Should be used with caution in children and adolescents

38
Q

Which antidepressent is best for those with previous heart disease?

A

Sertraline

39
Q

Cautions with TCAs

A
  • Contraindicated in those with previous heart disease
  • Can exacerbate schizophrenia
  • May exacerbate long QT syndrome
  • Use with caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding
  • May alter blood sugar in T1 and T2 diabetes mellitus
  • May precipitate urinary retention, so avoid in men with enlarged prostates
  • Uses the Cytochrome P450 metabolic pathway, so avoid in those on other CP450 medications or those with liver damage
40
Q

Who are SNRIs (duloxetine) CI in?

A

history of heart disease and high blood pressure

41
Q

Which drug should you avoid in a patient with Parkinson’s?

A

Antipsychotics because of EPSEs.

42
Q

What are the side effects of carbamazapine?

A

Mnemonic “CARBA MEAN”:

Confusion
Ataxia
Rashes
Blurred vision
Aplastic anaemia

Marrow suppression
Eosinophilia
ADH release
neutropenia

43
Q

What is the cause of “wet”, “wobbly” and “wierd”

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus.

Enlarged ventricles and absent sulci seen on CT brain scan

44
Q

What ECG change can haloperidol cause?

A

Prolongation of QT interval.

I remember this as sometimes NPS can cause hyperkalaemia and hyperkalaemia causes long QT interval.

Quesmed (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions