Psychiatry Flashcards
(22 cards)
Matthew M. Heaton argument
Lambo developed a transcultural psychiatric model that challenged colonial psychiatry by integrating African understandings into western psychiatric models.
Case Study: Lambo
Aro Village System
patients lived in community-like settings.
incorporated traditional healers and diviners “where African values were reasserted in a postcolonial context”.
Heaton on Aro Village system
Lambo’s model sought to validate African cultural knowledge within clinical practice, rather than replace it.
authority from ability to speak across cultural worlds
Camille Robcis
presents Fanon as a revolutionary thinker and a reformist practitioner who challenged hierachy and racisms embedded in colonial psychiatry
Camille Robcis Fanon:
“Fanon politicised institutional psychotherapy by foregrounding colonalism as a structure of psychological violence”
Robcis on the power of psychiatry for Fanon:
“Psychiatry was not just a science - it was a mechanism of control”
“For Fanon, psychological liberatino could only come through political transformation”.
Case Study South Africa
Life Esidimeni Debacle 2015-16
Life Esidimeni Debacle break down
Health Ombud report 2016 found that all 27 NGO’s involved were operating under invalid licenses
144 patients died
negligent conduct was found to be the cause.
Meghan Vaughan
though fragmented and contested, the discourse of colonial medicine constitued a powerful influence on the creation of the colonial subject, an influence which is still felt.
history of psychiatry in South Africa
1860s people were shipped to Robben Island, “refuge for lepers, lunatics, and the chronically sick”
1876-82 psychiatric hospitals open (7), inspired by enlightenment and humanism
Dr Thomas Greenless who is he and what does he believe
Superintendent of the Fort England lunatic asylum.
Africans were biologically incapable of suffering from more ‘refined’ forms of mental illness, such as melancholia
Greenless key quote
“the native brain has its analogue in the European child’s cerebrum; in many respects his mental attributed are similar to those of a child”
J.C Carothers, who is he and what does he argue?
British, in Kenya in the 20th century asked to write about the psyche of the Mau Mau
argued that Africans had “retarded development” at first, later added that African Mind was shpaed by an “essential [typical] African culture” (socio-environmental model)
Sadowsky on the labelling and expelling of the labelled “insane”
“processes of confiement, labelling of insanity, and symptoms of those labelled reflected not only cultural differences but also political divides embedded in the colonial situations”
where did Fanon work in Algeria?
BLIDA-JOINVILLE HOSPITAL
what was Fanon’s view of psychiatrical hospitals?
saw psychiatric hospitals as the colony itself
what did Fanon do at Blida?
adaptational psychiatry from the 1950s
abolished native vs european
minimised contraints
introduced occupational therapy programmes
Case Study - Uganda
1950s/60s General African Medical Training at Makarere, training initially ad hoc
Stephen B. Bora first trained
the school established psychiatry wing in 1966
Pringle on Uganda case
warns Africanisation not a concession of independence, a slow devolutionary process, transitionary process
transcultural psychiatry
aftermath of Nazis
psychiatric universalism - idea that cultural differences form only a superficual stratum in explanations of variations of mental illness
idea not universally shared
Dr Thomas Lambo
first black nigerian psychiatrist
aro - arranges patients to be housed in nearby village
transcultural psychiatric epidemiology
challenged colonial knowledge of Africans
Lambo & Leighton
Similarities in Yoruba and Stirling Country
concluded that there was “some question as to whether the emphasis on cultural differences has been overdone”
results promoted notions of universality and equality
nature of human mind now assumed to be fundamentally the same across cultures.
