Psychological Disorders (Modules 47-52) Flashcards

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1
Q

A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior

A

Psychological Disorder

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2
Q

The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

A

Medical Model

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3
Q

The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition; a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders

A

DSM-5

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4
Q

NSSI

A

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

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5
Q

“Above” or “in addition to” (epi) genetics; the study of the molecular mechanisms by which environments can influence genetic expression (without a DNA change)

A

Epigenetics

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6
Q

Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety

A

Anxiety Disorders

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7
Q

An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal

A

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

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8
Q

An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person may experience terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations; often followed by worry over a possible next attack

A

Panic Disorder

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9
Q

An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation

A

Specific Phobias

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10
Q

A disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions), actions (compulsions), or both

A

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

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11
Q

A disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, hypervigilance, avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience

A

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

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12
Q

A psychological disorder in which the symptoms take a somatic (bodily) form without apparent physical cause

A

Somatic Symptom Disorder

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13
Q

A disorder in which a person interprets normal physical sensations as symptoms of a disease. (Formerly called hypochondriasis.)

A

Illness Anxiety Disorder

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14
Q

A disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drug use or a medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure

A

Major Depressive Disorder

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15
Q

A group of disorders in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

A

Bipolar Disorder

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16
Q

A hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common

A

Mania

17
Q

Compulsive fretting; overthinking our problems and their causes

A

Rumination

18
Q

A disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression

A

Schizophrenia

19
Q

A group of disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality

A

Psychotic Disorder

20
Q

A false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

A

Delusions

21
Q

(Also called process schizophrenia) A form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten

A

Chronic Schizophrenia

22
Q

(Also called reactive schizophrenia) A form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to a traumatic event, and from which recovery is much more likely

A

Acute Schizophrenia

23
Q

Controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings

A

Dissociative Disorders

24
Q

A rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating identities. (Formerly called multiple personality disorder)

A

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

25
Q

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

A

Personality Disorders

26
Q

Three Personality Disorder Clusters

A

Anxiety, eccentric or odd behaviors, and dramatic or impulsive behaviors

27
Q

A personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

A

Antisocial Personality Disorder

28
Q

An eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight, and has an inaccurate self-perception; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise

A

Anorexia Nervosa

29
Q

An eating disorder in which a person’s binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) is followed by inappropriate weight-loss-promoting behavior, such as vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise

A

Bulimia Nervosa

30
Q

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory behavior that marks bulimia nervosa

A

Binge-Eating Disorder

31
Q

Central nervous system abnormalities (usually in the brain) that start in childhood and alter thinking and behavior (as in intellectual limitations or a psychological disorder)

A

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

32
Q

A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life. (Formerly referred to as mental retardation)

A

Intellectual Disability

33
Q

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant limitations in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

A

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

34
Q

A psychological disorder marked by extreme inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity

A

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder