Psychological Needs and Self Determination

Question 1

what is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 1

external pressures to do behaviors in order to get or avoid something

Question 2

what is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 2

doing things because we like to do them, not because anyone made us do it

Question 3

extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation exist on a…

Answer 3

continuum

Question 4

why can extrinsic motivation be destructive? (Use grades as an example)

Answer 4

the teacher wants to incentivize you to learn, so they give you grades. But over time students focus too heavly on the external motivator (ie the grades) and this destroys their intrinsic motivation by eliminating deep thinking, problem solving, and perseverance

Question 5

who was kiki the gorilla and why is she important to this unit?

Answer 5

a gorilla kept in social isolation which created bad behavior, the solution was to create a more natural environment for her to live in. The more natural environment supported her psychological needs

she is a good illustration that the environment we are in can either support or thwart our psychological needs

Question 6

what are the psychological needs?

Answer 6

autonomy, competence, and relatedness

Question 7

what is autonomy?

Answer 7

the need for self-direction and personal endorsement of ones behavior

Question 8

what makes us fee autonomous? (perceived autonomy)

Answer 8

internal locus of causality
volition (feeling free)
perceived choice over ones actions

Question 9

what are the two motivational styles?

Answer 9

autonomy supportive and controlling

Question 10

what characterizes the autonomy supportive motivational style?

Answer 10

identifies, nurtures, and develops another persons inner motivational resources

Question 11

what characterizes the controlling motivational style?

Answer 11

pressuring another person toward compliance with a prescribed way of thinking, feeling, or behaving

Question 12

what are the 4 essential ways of supporting autonomy?

Answer 12

1. nurture inner (v. external) motivational resources
2. use informational (v. pressuring) language
3. promote valuing (v. neglecting)
4. acknowledges and accepts negative affect

Question 13

what is an example of nurturing inner (v. external motivational resources?

Answer 13

investigating why someone is unmotivated and discover what might motivate them

Question 14

what is an example of using informationl v. pressuring language

Answer 14

saying “this is why…” rather than “because I said so”

Question 15

what is an example of promoting valuing rather than neglecting?

Answer 15

explaining the value, worth, meaning, and usefulness of a behavior

Question 16

what is competence?

Answer 16

the need to be effective in interactions with the environment

Question 17

what is an example of competence

Answer 17

kids playing with puzzles and problem solving. learning and figuring things out is inherently satisfying

Question 18

how can kiki the gorilla be used as an example of competence?

Answer 18

when she was moved to a more natural enclosure she had more of an opportunity to interact with a natural environment and thus problem solve, fail, learn, and interact with her environment. she also had access to new and engaging materials

Question 19

what are the key environmental conditions for involving competence?

Answer 19

1. optimal challenge and flow
2. structure
3. feedback
4. failure competence

Question 20

what is optimal challenge and flow and why are they important for involving competence?

Answer 20

flow: when skills and challenge level are adequately high (in the zone)
optimal challenge just means that there is a good math between skills and challenge

Question 21

what is structure and why is it important for involving competence

Answer 21

information about pathways to desired outcomes,, and also support and guidance in pursuing these pathways

it is important to know what the desired outcome is and how to get there in order to feel good about success,, if we don’t know what we are supposed to do it is very easy to get frustrated

Question 22

what is feedback and why is it important for involving competence

Answer 22

performance feedback

it works best when the feedback is regular and clear. it fan be natural or given

it is important to know how you’re doing in order to know if you are competent w something
***feedback can very easily get wrapped up in external motivators

Question 23

what is failure tolerance?

Answer 23

error making is essential for learning,, failure also produces opportunities for learning

Question 24

what is relatedness?

Answer 24

the need to establish close emotional bonds and attachments with other people

Question 25

what is a key way to involve relatedness?

Answer 25

interaction with others

Question 26

how do interactions with others involve relatedness?

Answer 26

they are emotionally positive interactions and interaction partners

Question 27

what is a key way of supporting relatedness?

Answer 27

perception of a social bond

Question 28

how does the perception of a social bond support relatedness?

Answer 28

perceiving that you are cared for, liked, known, and valued, you want to know if the person you are interacting with cares about you and if you can be yourself around them

Question 29

what are communal v. exchange relationships?

Answer 29

communal: this person is supporting me because they care about me, not because they expect anything exchange: this person supports me but they expect something in return

Question 30

how are relatedness and internalization connected?

Answer 30

relatedness promotes internalization

Question 31

psychological needs motivate...

Answer 31

learning and growth behavior

Question 32

environments and behavior can be autonomy...

Answer 32

supporting or controlling

Question 33

supporting the need for competence involves...

Answer 33

optimal challenge, opportunity for failure, and feedback on performance

Question 34

we can support relatedness by...

Answer 34

having social interactions and caring supportive relationships

Question 35

what are the different extrinsic motivations on the continuum in order

Answer 35

amotivation external regulation introjected regulation identified regulation integrated regulation intrinsic regulation

Question 36

what are some things that autonomy supportive people say and do?

Answer 36

-listen carefully -allow others to speak -provide rationale - encourage effort -praise progress -ask others what they want to do -respond to questions -acknowledge the perspective of others

Question 37

what are some things that controlling people say and do?

Answer 37

-hold/hod learning materials - show correct answers -tell correct answers - speak directives/demands - should/must type statements - ask controlling questions - seem demanding

Question 38

what are the 4 ways that competence can be supported through positive feedback

Answer 38

-the task itself - comparisons of ones past performance to ones current performance - comparisons of ones performance to the performance of others - evaluations of others performance

Question 39

what was harters anagram study?

Answer 39

they found that children felt the most competent/enjoyed solving anagrams of moderate difficulty the most. This supports the optimal challenge theory