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Motivation and Emotion > Reeves Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Reeves Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is motivation?

A

wanting, and a condition in side of us that desires a change in either the environment or self

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2
Q

what would be 13 different reasons you would want to exercise?

A
  1. intrinsic motivation (fun/enjoiyment)
  2. flow (personal challenge)
  3. external regulation (forced)
  4. goal
  5. value (health benefits)
  6. possible self (inspiration)
  7. achievement (pursuing excellence)
  8. competence (
  9. opponent process (gives emotional kick)
  10. positive affect
  11. introjection (alleviate guilt)
  12. personal control (relieve stress/depression)
  13. relatedness (hanging out with friends)
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3
Q

motivational science is…

A

research based, empirical, evidence driven

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4
Q

motivational science isn’t

A

inspirational/attention getting quotes

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5
Q

what is a theory?

A

intellectual framework that organizes a vast amount of knowledge about a phenomenon so said phenomenon can be better described, understood, and explained.

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6
Q

a theory needs two things

A
  1. to identify relations that exist natually among observable phenomena
  2. to explain why those relationships exist
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7
Q

what is the function and utility of a good theory

A

(visual representation in text) reality sparks a theory,, from that theory a hypothesis is born which we then test to confirm the theory. Then from that theory we can come up with recommended applications

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8
Q

what are the two perennial questions?

A

What causes behavior and why does it vary in intensity?

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9
Q

what are the different subarts to the first perennial question? (What causes behavior?)

A

-why does behavior start?
- once begun, why does behavior persist over time?
- Why is behavior directed toward some goals, yet away from others?
- Why does behavior change its direction?
- why does behavior stop?

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10
Q

motivations varies within______ as well as between_______

A

individuals

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11
Q

what are antecedents?

A

how such differences in individuals arise

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12
Q

what are consequences?

A

what implications the antecedents hold

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13
Q

the study of motivation concerns…

A

those internal processes that give behavior its’ energy, direction, and persistence

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14
Q

what is “energy”?

A

implies that behavior has strength
-hardy
-intense
-resilient

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15
Q

what is “direction”?

A

implies behavior has purpose

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16
Q

what is “persistence”

A

implies behavior has endurance

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17
Q

a motive is an internal process that…

A

energizes direct and sustains behavior

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18
Q

a motive is a common ground for

A

needs, cognitions and emotions

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19
Q

what are needs?

A

conditions within the individual that are necessary for maintenance of life, growth, and well being

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20
Q

needs serve the organism by:

A

1.) generating wants and desires that motivate behaviors that are necessary
2.) generate a deep satisfaction from doing so

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21
Q

what are cognitions?

A

refer ti nental events like thoughts beliefs, expectations, plans, goals, strategies, appraisals, attributions, and the self-concept

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22
Q

what are emotions?

A

complex but coordinated feeling-arousal purposive-expressive reactions to the significant events in our lives

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23
Q

what are feelings?

A

subjective, verbal, descriptions of emotional expereience

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24
Q

what is arousal?

A

bodily mobilization to cope with with situational demands

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25
what is purpose?
motivational urge to accomplish something specific at that moment
26
emotions are...
a subset of motivation, and emotions are an adaptive mechanism
27
what are external events?
environmental, social, and cultural offerings that affect a persons internal motives
28
examples of environmental external events
money, praise, foul odor, being yelled at
29
examples of social external events
classroo/workplace environment, social climate
30
external events are NOT
a direct cause of motivation
31
what is influence?
the social process by which one requests that the other change their behavior or thought
32
what is the difference between influence and motivation?
influence is an external process whereas motivation is an internal process
33
motivation is a ______ and ______ process
private and unobservable
34
what are the 5 telltale ways to measure motivation?
1. behavior 2. engagement 3. psychophysiology 4. brain activations 5. self-report
35
how can behavior be used to measure motivation?
effort, persistence, latency, choice, probability of response, facial expressions and bodily gestures these express the presence, intensity, and quality of motivation
36
how can engagement be used to measure motivation?
how effortfully a person is involved during an activity in terms of effort and persistence
37
what is engagement?
how actively involved a person is in a task
38
emotional engagement refers to
the presence of positive emotions during task involvement
39
cognitive engagement refers to
how strategically a person attempts to process information
40
agentic engagement refers to
the persons proactive and instructive involvement in the flow of the activity
41
examples of behavioral engagement
-on task behavior - effort -persistence
42
examples of emotional engagement
- persistence of: -interests -enjoyment -enthusiasm - absence of: - distress -anger -anxiety -frustration
43
examples of cognitive engagement
-using sophisticated learning strategies - seeking deeper understanding -self regulation
44
examples of agentic engagement
-contributing constructively - asking questions - expressing preferences
45
how do we measure motivation through psychophysiology
as people engage in activity the nervous and endocrine systems release chemicals that lay the groundwork for motivational and emotional states
46
what is psychophysiology?
the process by which psychological states produce downstream changes in ones physiology
47
how do brain activations help us measure motivation?
they underlie every motivational and emotional state
48
how does self report help us measure motivation
ask people questions and let them identify their own emotionalmotivational states through questionairres ***this is probably the least reliable because a lot of times people do not know their true moivations
49
what are the ten unifying themes
1.motivation and emotion benefit adaptation 2. motivation and emotion direct attention 3. motivation and emotion are intervening variables 4. motives vary over time and influence the ongoing stream of behavior 5. types of motivation exist 6. we are not always consciously aware of the motivational basis of our behavior 7. motivational study reveals what people want 8. to flourish, motivation needs supportive conditions 9. when trying to motivate others, what is easy to do is rarely what works 10. there is nothing as good as a practical theory
50
life is constantly changing, and humans needs a means to take corrective action to said change
motivation and emotion is said change
51
what are complex adaptive systems?
what motivation and emotion allow us to be as humans so we can adapt to all of our scenarios
52
when motivation depletes______,_______, and _________ all suffer
-personal adaptation - well being -functioning
53
how do we decide where to focus our attention
out motivational and emotional states, and environmental events that create motivational states
54
environmental events, motivations, and emotions all have differing
urgencies
55
attention is not always allocated...
evenly
56
why is attention not always allocated evenly?
1.) aroused motives vary in strength, and some states are more attention gettig than others 2.) negative stimuli are more attention getting than positive
57
environmental event spur
behaviors and motivations and emotions
58
motivation and emotion intervene/mediate between
environmental events and behavior
59
example of motivation and emotion as an intervening force
you travel to a new place which sparks the emotion of interest which then motivates you to sightsee
60
motives strengths...
change over time
61
people can harbor multiple____ of varying_______
motives,, intensities
62
it is important to ask how much motivation, but also
what type of motivation is at play
63
different types of motives have different______ and different ________
antecedents, outcomes
64
full understanding of human motivation requires
-appreciation for growth oriented, approach based, and flourishing related motivation and emotions ie (interest curiosity, joy, etc.) -but also appreciation for defense oriented, and avoidance based, and suffering related tendencies. ie (pain, distress, fear, anxiety, etc.)
65
some motives are easy to verbalize because they have roots in _______, but others are rooted in ______ and we have a harder time verbalizing them
language structure, non-language
66
what is a cortical emotion
able to communicate
67
what is a subcortical emotion
not able to communicate
68
theories of motivation reveal....by.....
what is common within the strivings of all human beings...identifying the commonalities among people from all walks of life
69
we have both _____engineered but also ________ constructed motivations
biologically, societally
70
everyone tends to be more motivational when _____ rather than______
patiently and dilligently working with others, ordering otheres around
71
the golden resouce to explain who someone has motivation is...
a good theory
72
theories provide..
empirically backed explanations

Motivation and Emotion (25 decks)

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