Psychology Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant
A
Acute Grief
2
Q
The individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other
A
Adaptation
3
Q
The feelings and their expression
A
Affect
4
Q
Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral
A
Aftercare aka Post-Funeral Counseling
5
Q
The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another
A
Aggression
6
Q
Fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger created by the impact of the shock
A
Alarm
7
Q
AIDS
A
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
8
Q
The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable
A
Alienation
9
Q
Providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements, formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis
A
Alternatives
10
Q
A disconfirming response with more than one meaning, leaving the other party unsure of the responder’s position
A
Ambiguous Response
11
Q
Blame directed toward another person
A
Anger
12
Q
A term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience
A
Anomic Grief
13
Q
Anomic Grief is typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through
A
Medical Control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead
14
Q
Syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as a confirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition
A
Anticipatory Grief
15
Q
A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, a shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen
A
Anxiety
16
Q
The process of correctly pronouncing all the necessary parts of a word
A
Articulation
17
Q
A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice
A
At-Need Counseling
18
Q
The tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with other coming from the need for security and safety
A
Attachment Theory (BOWLBY)
19
Q
Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior
A
Attending aka Listening
20
Q
A learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institution in a positive or negative way
A
Attitude
21
Q
The experience of the emotion and grief
A
Bereavement
22
Q
That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct as it applies to business transactions
A
Business Ethics
23
Q
A formal act or observance that may or may not have symbolic content
A
Ceremony
24
Q
The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver
A
Channel
25
Excessive in duration and never comes to satisfactory conclusion
Chronic Grief
26
The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of the duties, obligations, and functions of a citizen
Citizenship
27
A phrase coined by CARL ROGERS to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and natural capacity for growth and health
Client Centered aka Non-Directive aka Rogerian aka Person-Centered Coounseling
28
The emotional tone of a relationship as it is expressed in the messages that the partners send and receive
Climate
29
A declaration or public statement of professional standards of right and wrong conduct
Code of Ethics
30
From the latin "to know", the study of the origins and consequences of thought, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes
Cognitive Psychology
31
The rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment, or burial at sea
Committal Service
32
A general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts, and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of this interchange
Communication
33
Grief extending over a long period of time without resolution
Complicated aka Unresolved aka Chronic Grief
34
To be clear and brief
Concise
35
To hold certain information in trust and not disclose without proper authorization or authority
Confidentiality
36
An expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals
Conflict
37
According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with other's perception of one-self
Congruence
38
The emotional associations of a term
Connotation
39
Characteristic ways of responding to stress
Coping
40
A state of moral development in which the expectation of the social group (family, community, and nation) are supported and maintained
Conventional Stage (KOHLBERG)
41
The Conventional Stage is associated with whom?
Kohlberg
42
Agreement between group members about a decision
Consensus
43
The individual seeking assistance or guidance
Counselee
44
Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation; helping someone else with a problem
Counseling (Webster)
45
What is Webster's definition of Counseling
Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation; helping someone else with a problem
46
Any time someone helps someone else with a problem
Counseling (Jackson)
47
What is Jackson's definition of Counseling
Any time someone helps someone else with a problem
48
Good communication within and between men; good, free communication within or between men is always therapeutic
Counseling (Rogers)
49
What is Roger's definition of counseling?
Good communication within and between men; good, free communication within or between men is always therapeutic
50
A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy person. A counselor's clients are encourage to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or charectorological disorders
Counseling (Ohlsen)
51
What is Ohlsen's definition of counseling?
A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy person. A counselor's clients are encourage to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or charectorological disorders
52
The individual providing assistance and guidance
Counselor
53
The believability of a speaker or other source of information
Credibility
54
A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual's feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain impair his or her ability to act
Crisis
55
Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in crisis situations
Crisis Counseling
56
Consists of abstract patterns (rules, ideas, beliefs, shared by members of society) of and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly
Culture
57
A learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension
Death Anxiety
58
An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
59
Taking innocent comments as personal attacks
Defensive Listening
60
Inhibited, suppressed, or postponed response to a loss
Delayed Grief Reaction (Worden)
61
Delayed Grief Reaction is associated with
Worden
62
The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self
Denial
63
The objective, emotion-free meaning of a term
Denotation
64
Counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc
Directive Counseling
65
Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical
Discrimination
66
A defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than one who caused the anger originally
Displaced Aggression
67
Redirection of emotion to other targets
Displacement
68
Two units regarded as a pair
Dyad
69
An example of a dyad would be a
Husband and wife
70
An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety
Ego Defense Mechanisms
71
The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states
Emotion; Emotional Expression
72
Feelings such as happiness, anger, or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes
Emotions
73
Listening in which the goal is to help the speaker solve a problem
Empathetic Listening
74
The ability to enter into and share the feelings of others
Empathy (Wolfelt)
75
Empathy is associated with whom?
Wolfelt
76
Physical location and personal history surrounding the communication
Environment
77
Words that have more than one dictionary meaning
Equivocal Terms
78
That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions
Ethics (Webster)
79
Ethics is associated with whom?
Webster
80
The cultural heritage or identity of a group, based on factors such as language or country of origin
Ethnicity
81
A pleasant term substituted for a more direct, less pleasant term
Euphemism
82
An act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from life-limiting conditions
Euthanasia aka Right to Die
83
Listening in which the goal is to judge the quality or accuracy of speaker's remarks
Evaluative Listening
84
Persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling
Exaggerated Grief (Wordern)
85
Exaggerated Grief is associated with
Worden
86
A speech planned in advance by presented in a direct, conversational manner
Extemporaneous Speech
87
To assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary
Facilitate
88
Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread, and disquieting
Fear
89
The discernible response of the receiver
Feedback
90
Centering a client's thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem
Focusing
91
The speech memorized or delivered word for word from a manuscript
Formal
92
An organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity, and respect
Funeral Rite
93
The study of human behavior as related to funeral service
Funeral Service Psychology
94
The state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted; the blocking of the satisfaction of a perceived need by some kind of obstacle
Frustration
95
The ability to present one's self sincerely
Genuineness (Wolfelt)
96
Genuineness is associated with
Wolfelt
97
Adjustment, motivational in nature, to be acheived
Goals
98
A rule of ethical conduct found in some form in most major religions usually phrased, Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Golden Rule
99
An emotion or set of emotions due to a loss
Grief
100
Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame
Grief Counseling
101
A set of symptoms associated with loss
Grief Syndrome (Lindemann)
102
Grief Syndrome is associated with
Lindemann
103
Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions
Grief Therapy (Worden)
104
Grief Therapy is associated with
Worden
105
A process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment
Griefwork (Lindemann)
106
Griefwork is associated with
Lindemann
107
Support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems
Guidance
108
Blame directed towards one's self based on real or unreal conditions
Guilt
109
The killing of one human being by another
Homicide
110
Having a sense of honor, upright and fair dealing
Honesty
111
Historically, an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition
Hospice
112
Detailed examples of adjustments, choices, or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from which a course of action may be selected
Illustrating
113
A speech given off the top of one's head without preparation
Impromptu Speech
114
Counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee
Informational counseling
115
Listening to understand another person or idea
Informational Listening
116
Fidelity to moral principles
Integrity
117
Social attraction to another person
Interpersonal Attrraction
118
Communication in which the two parties involved consider one another as individuals
Interpersonal Communication
119
Communicating with oneself
Intrapersonal Communication
120
The study of body movement, gestures, and posture
Kinesics
121
Rules that govern society
Law
122
A document which governs the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from an individual in the event of an incurable or irreversible condition that will cause death with in a relatively short time, and which such person is no longer able to make decisions regarding his/her medical treatment
Living Will
123
A speech read word-for-word from a prepared text
Manuscript Speech
124
Occurs when person experience symptoms and behaviors which cause them difficulty, but they do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss
Masked Grief (Worden)
125
Masked Grief is associated with
Worden
126
A speech that is learned and delivered by rote without a written text
Memorized Speech
127
A speaker's words and actiosn
Message
128
excessive written or verbal information
Message Overload
129
Any event, person, or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief
Mitigation
130
Synonymous with ethical; refers to customs, values, and standards of practice of a group, age, or theory intended to be timeless
Moral
131
Th process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior satisfying physiological or psychological needs
Motivation
132
Something, as a reason or desire, acting as a spur to action
Motives
133
An adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved
Mourning
134
A force that interferes with the process of communication
Noise
135
A philosophy that does not focus on the worship of a god or gods
Non-Theistic
136
That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior; that which is communicated by any means except verbally
Non-Verbal Communication
137
Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the counselee's problem
Option
138
A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear
Panic
139
Expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes a shortened form
Paraphrasing
140
A relatively stable system of determining tendencies within an individual
Personality
141
A deliberate attempt to change attitudes of belief with information and arguments
Persuasion
142
The set of values, ideas, and opinions of an individual or group
Philosophy
143
The highness or lowness of one's voice
Pitch
144
According to Carl Rogers, accepting the client or counselee as he or she is, and for what he or she is, without imposing judgments or stipulations
Positive Regard
145
Positive Regard is associated with
Carl Rogers
146
A stage of moral development in which the individual considers universal moral principles which supersede the authority of the group
Post-Conventional Stage
147
A stage of moral development in which moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those in authorit
Pre-Conventional Stage
148
All of the stages are associated with whom?
Kohlberg
149
Negative attitude toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group
Prejudice
150
A stage of moral development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense or obligation to them. Looking to experience only that which is good or pleasant or to avoid that which is painful
Pre-Moral Stage
151
That counseling which occurs before a death
Pre-Need Counseling
152
Attribution of one's unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else
Projection
153
The study of how people and animals use space
Proxemics
154
Giving the appearance of listening
Pseudolistening
155
A medical doctor with specialty in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
Psychiatrist
156
The study of human behavior and mental processes in humans and or animals
Psychology
157
Intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. Practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of conciousness
Psychotherapy (Jackson)
158
Psychotherapy is associated with
Jackson
159
One person speaking with limited verbal feedback
Public Communication
160
The art or science of establishing and promoting a favorable relationship with the public
Public Relations
161
A relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity established in any human interaction
Rapport
162
The speed at which a speaker utters words
Rate
163
Supplying a logical, rational, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action
Rationalization
164
Decodes the message
Receiver
165
A defense mechanism used in grief to return to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping
Regression
166
Words that gain their meaning through comparison
Relative Terms
167
A culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of sacred beliefs, emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs, and overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings
Religion
168
Blocking of threatening material from consciousness
Repression
169
An adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy, or self-esteem
Resistance
170
The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions
Respect (Wolfelt)
171
Respect is associated with
Wolfelt
172
According to Simos, a compelling need by which the individual attempts to restore inner psychological equilibrium, uniting past, present, and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to ______________
Restitution
173
Restitution is associated with
Simos
174
Any act that is charged with symbolic content
Ritual
175
Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased
Searching
176
The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual hols of himself or herself
Self-Concept
177
The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by othres
Self-Disclosure
178
The degree of regard a person holds for oneself
Self-Esteem
179
A prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise
Self Fulfilling Prophecy
180
Deals with the meanings of words
Semantics
181
Encodes and delivers the message
Sender
182
The assumption of blame directed toward one's self by others
Shame
183
The reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent, and upsetting disturbance
Shock
184
Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. Adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises
Situational Counseling
185
Moral principles that vary with circumstances
Situational Ethics
186
Making judgments about ourselves through the comparison with others
Social Comparison
187
A phenomenon that occurs when an individual's performance improves because of the presence of others
Social Facilitation
188
Not listening because he/she is only interested in what he'she has to say
Stage Hogging
189
Life events and minor hassles that exert pressure or strain
Stress
190
Any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress
Stressor
191
Redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes
Sublimation
192
The sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome aka SIDS aka Crib Death
193
A deliberate act of self destruction
Suicide
194
An unsuccessful attempt made by the person to end his or her own life
Suicidal Gesture
195
Thoughts of ending one's life
Suicidal Ideation
196
A brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session
summary
197
A conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns
Suppression
198
Guilt felt by the survivors
Survivor Guilt
199
Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss
Sympathy
200
The arrangement of words in a sentence
Syntax
201
The study of death
Thanatology
202
An irrational, exaggerated fear of death
Thanatophobia
203
Complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph
Thematic
204
A belief in god or gods
Theistic aka Theism
205
A complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph
Thesis Statement
206
A statement or action which creates anxiety in an individual's life
Threat
207
The quality of one's voice
Tone
208
The region of the mind that is beyond awareness especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person
Unconscious
209
Beliefs that are held in high esteem
Values
210
The loudness of one's voice
Volume
211
Spoken, oral communication
Verbal Communication
212
The ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors
Warmth and Caring
213
Warmth and Caring is associated with
Woelfelt
214
Incorrect assumptions that lead us to believe that we have heard the message before or that the message is too simple or too complex to understand
Faulty Assumption
