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Flashcards in Psychology Deck (214)
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1
Q

The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant

A

Acute Grief

2
Q

The individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other

A

Adaptation

3
Q

The feelings and their expression

A

Affect

4
Q

Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral

A

Aftercare aka Post-Funeral Counseling

5
Q

The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another

A

Aggression

6
Q

Fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger created by the impact of the shock

A

Alarm

7
Q

AIDS

A

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

8
Q

The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable

A

Alienation

9
Q

Providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements, formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis

A

Alternatives

10
Q

A disconfirming response with more than one meaning, leaving the other party unsure of the responder’s position

A

Ambiguous Response

11
Q

Blame directed toward another person

A

Anger

12
Q

A term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience

A

Anomic Grief

13
Q

Anomic Grief is typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through

A

Medical Control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead

14
Q

Syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as a confirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition

A

Anticipatory Grief

15
Q

A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, a shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen

A

Anxiety

16
Q

The process of correctly pronouncing all the necessary parts of a word

A

Articulation

17
Q

A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice

A

At-Need Counseling

18
Q

The tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with other coming from the need for security and safety

A

Attachment Theory (BOWLBY)

19
Q

Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior

A

Attending aka Listening

20
Q

A learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institution in a positive or negative way

A

Attitude

21
Q

The experience of the emotion and grief

A

Bereavement

22
Q

That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct as it applies to business transactions

A

Business Ethics

23
Q

A formal act or observance that may or may not have symbolic content

A

Ceremony

24
Q

The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver

A

Channel

25
Q

Excessive in duration and never comes to satisfactory conclusion

A

Chronic Grief

26
Q

The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of the duties, obligations, and functions of a citizen

A

Citizenship

27
Q

A phrase coined by CARL ROGERS to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and natural capacity for growth and health

A

Client Centered aka Non-Directive aka Rogerian aka Person-Centered Coounseling

28
Q

The emotional tone of a relationship as it is expressed in the messages that the partners send and receive

A

Climate

29
Q

A declaration or public statement of professional standards of right and wrong conduct

A

Code of Ethics

30
Q

From the latin “to know”, the study of the origins and consequences of thought, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes

A

Cognitive Psychology

31
Q

The rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment, or burial at sea

A

Committal Service

32
Q

A general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts, and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of this interchange

A

Communication

33
Q

Grief extending over a long period of time without resolution

A

Complicated aka Unresolved aka Chronic Grief

34
Q

To be clear and brief

A

Concise

35
Q

To hold certain information in trust and not disclose without proper authorization or authority

A

Confidentiality

36
Q

An expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals

A

Conflict

37
Q

According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with other’s perception of one-self

A

Congruence

38
Q

The emotional associations of a term

A

Connotation

39
Q

Characteristic ways of responding to stress

A

Coping

40
Q

A state of moral development in which the expectation of the social group (family, community, and nation) are supported and maintained

A

Conventional Stage (KOHLBERG)

41
Q

The Conventional Stage is associated with whom?

A

Kohlberg

42
Q

Agreement between group members about a decision

A

Consensus

43
Q

The individual seeking assistance or guidance

A

Counselee

44
Q

Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation; helping someone else with a problem

A

Counseling (Webster)

45
Q

What is Webster’s definition of Counseling

A

Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation; helping someone else with a problem

46
Q

Any time someone helps someone else with a problem

A

Counseling (Jackson)

47
Q

What is Jackson’s definition of Counseling

A

Any time someone helps someone else with a problem

48
Q

Good communication within and between men; good, free communication within or between men is always therapeutic

A

Counseling (Rogers)

49
Q

What is Roger’s definition of counseling?

A

Good communication within and between men; good, free communication within or between men is always therapeutic

50
Q

A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy person. A counselor’s clients are encourage to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or charectorological disorders

A

Counseling (Ohlsen)

51
Q

What is Ohlsen’s definition of counseling?

A

A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy person. A counselor’s clients are encourage to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or charectorological disorders

52
Q

The individual providing assistance and guidance

A

Counselor

53
Q

The believability of a speaker or other source of information

A

Credibility

54
Q

A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual’s feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain impair his or her ability to act

A

Crisis

55
Q

Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in crisis situations

A

Crisis Counseling

56
Q

Consists of abstract patterns (rules, ideas, beliefs, shared by members of society) of and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly

A

Culture

57
Q

A learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension

A

Death Anxiety

58
Q

An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety

A

Defense Mechanisms

59
Q

Taking innocent comments as personal attacks

A

Defensive Listening

60
Q

Inhibited, suppressed, or postponed response to a loss

A

Delayed Grief Reaction (Worden)

61
Q

Delayed Grief Reaction is associated with

A

Worden

62
Q

The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self

A

Denial

63
Q

The objective, emotion-free meaning of a term

A

Denotation

64
Q

Counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc

A

Directive Counseling

65
Q

Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical

A

Discrimination

66
Q

A defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than one who caused the anger originally

A

Displaced Aggression

67
Q

Redirection of emotion to other targets

A

Displacement

68
Q

Two units regarded as a pair

A

Dyad

69
Q

An example of a dyad would be a

A

Husband and wife

70
Q

An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety

A

Ego Defense Mechanisms

71
Q

The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states

A

Emotion; Emotional Expression

72
Q

Feelings such as happiness, anger, or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes

A

Emotions

73
Q

Listening in which the goal is to help the speaker solve a problem

A

Empathetic Listening

74
Q

The ability to enter into and share the feelings of others

A

Empathy (Wolfelt)

75
Q

Empathy is associated with whom?

A

Wolfelt

76
Q

Physical location and personal history surrounding the communication

A

Environment

77
Q

Words that have more than one dictionary meaning

A

Equivocal Terms

78
Q

That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions

A

Ethics (Webster)

79
Q

Ethics is associated with whom?

A

Webster

80
Q

The cultural heritage or identity of a group, based on factors such as language or country of origin

A

Ethnicity

81
Q

A pleasant term substituted for a more direct, less pleasant term

A

Euphemism

82
Q

An act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from life-limiting conditions

A

Euthanasia aka Right to Die

83
Q

Listening in which the goal is to judge the quality or accuracy of speaker’s remarks

A

Evaluative Listening

84
Q

Persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling

A

Exaggerated Grief (Wordern)

85
Q

Exaggerated Grief is associated with

A

Worden

86
Q

A speech planned in advance by presented in a direct, conversational manner

A

Extemporaneous Speech

87
Q

To assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary

A

Facilitate

88
Q

Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread, and disquieting

A

Fear

89
Q

The discernible response of the receiver

A

Feedback

90
Q

Centering a client’s thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem

A

Focusing

91
Q

The speech memorized or delivered word for word from a manuscript

A

Formal

92
Q

An organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity, and respect

A

Funeral Rite

93
Q

The study of human behavior as related to funeral service

A

Funeral Service Psychology

94
Q

The state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted; the blocking of the satisfaction of a perceived need by some kind of obstacle

A

Frustration

95
Q

The ability to present one’s self sincerely

A

Genuineness (Wolfelt)

96
Q

Genuineness is associated with

A

Wolfelt

97
Q

Adjustment, motivational in nature, to be acheived

A

Goals

98
Q

A rule of ethical conduct found in some form in most major religions usually phrased, Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

A

Golden Rule

99
Q

An emotion or set of emotions due to a loss

A

Grief

100
Q

Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame

A

Grief Counseling

101
Q

A set of symptoms associated with loss

A

Grief Syndrome (Lindemann)

102
Q

Grief Syndrome is associated with

A

Lindemann

103
Q

Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions

A

Grief Therapy (Worden)

104
Q

Grief Therapy is associated with

A

Worden

105
Q

A process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment

A

Griefwork (Lindemann)

106
Q

Griefwork is associated with

A

Lindemann

107
Q

Support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems

A

Guidance

108
Q

Blame directed towards one’s self based on real or unreal conditions

A

Guilt

109
Q

The killing of one human being by another

A

Homicide

110
Q

Having a sense of honor, upright and fair dealing

A

Honesty

111
Q

Historically, an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition

A

Hospice

112
Q

Detailed examples of adjustments, choices, or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from which a course of action may be selected

A

Illustrating

113
Q

A speech given off the top of one’s head without preparation

A

Impromptu Speech

114
Q

Counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee

A

Informational counseling

115
Q

Listening to understand another person or idea

A

Informational Listening

116
Q

Fidelity to moral principles

A

Integrity

117
Q

Social attraction to another person

A

Interpersonal Attrraction

118
Q

Communication in which the two parties involved consider one another as individuals

A

Interpersonal Communication

119
Q

Communicating with oneself

A

Intrapersonal Communication

120
Q

The study of body movement, gestures, and posture

A

Kinesics

121
Q

Rules that govern society

A

Law

122
Q

A document which governs the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from an individual in the event of an incurable or irreversible condition that will cause death with in a relatively short time, and which such person is no longer able to make decisions regarding his/her medical treatment

A

Living Will

123
Q

A speech read word-for-word from a prepared text

A

Manuscript Speech

124
Q

Occurs when person experience symptoms and behaviors which cause them difficulty, but they do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss

A

Masked Grief (Worden)

125
Q

Masked Grief is associated with

A

Worden

126
Q

A speech that is learned and delivered by rote without a written text

A

Memorized Speech

127
Q

A speaker’s words and actiosn

A

Message

128
Q

excessive written or verbal information

A

Message Overload

129
Q

Any event, person, or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief

A

Mitigation

130
Q

Synonymous with ethical; refers to customs, values, and standards of practice of a group, age, or theory intended to be timeless

A

Moral

131
Q

Th process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior satisfying physiological or psychological needs

A

Motivation

132
Q

Something, as a reason or desire, acting as a spur to action

A

Motives

133
Q

An adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved

A

Mourning

134
Q

A force that interferes with the process of communication

A

Noise

135
Q

A philosophy that does not focus on the worship of a god or gods

A

Non-Theistic

136
Q

That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior; that which is communicated by any means except verbally

A

Non-Verbal Communication

137
Q

Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the counselee’s problem

A

Option

138
Q

A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear

A

Panic

139
Q

Expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes a shortened form

A

Paraphrasing

140
Q

A relatively stable system of determining tendencies within an individual

A

Personality

141
Q

A deliberate attempt to change attitudes of belief with information and arguments

A

Persuasion

142
Q

The set of values, ideas, and opinions of an individual or group

A

Philosophy

143
Q

The highness or lowness of one’s voice

A

Pitch

144
Q

According to Carl Rogers, accepting the client or counselee as he or she is, and for what he or she is, without imposing judgments or stipulations

A

Positive Regard

145
Q

Positive Regard is associated with

A

Carl Rogers

146
Q

A stage of moral development in which the individual considers universal moral principles which supersede the authority of the group

A

Post-Conventional Stage

147
Q

A stage of moral development in which moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those in authorit

A

Pre-Conventional Stage

148
Q

All of the stages are associated with whom?

A

Kohlberg

149
Q

Negative attitude toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group

A

Prejudice

150
Q

A stage of moral development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense or obligation to them. Looking to experience only that which is good or pleasant or to avoid that which is painful

A

Pre-Moral Stage

151
Q

That counseling which occurs before a death

A

Pre-Need Counseling

152
Q

Attribution of one’s unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else

A

Projection

153
Q

The study of how people and animals use space

A

Proxemics

154
Q

Giving the appearance of listening

A

Pseudolistening

155
Q

A medical doctor with specialty in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

A

Psychiatrist

156
Q

The study of human behavior and mental processes in humans and or animals

A

Psychology

157
Q

Intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. Practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of conciousness

A

Psychotherapy (Jackson)

158
Q

Psychotherapy is associated with

A

Jackson

159
Q

One person speaking with limited verbal feedback

A

Public Communication

160
Q

The art or science of establishing and promoting a favorable relationship with the public

A

Public Relations

161
Q

A relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity established in any human interaction

A

Rapport

162
Q

The speed at which a speaker utters words

A

Rate

163
Q

Supplying a logical, rational, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action

A

Rationalization

164
Q

Decodes the message

A

Receiver

165
Q

A defense mechanism used in grief to return to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping

A

Regression

166
Q

Words that gain their meaning through comparison

A

Relative Terms

167
Q

A culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of sacred beliefs, emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs, and overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings

A

Religion

168
Q

Blocking of threatening material from consciousness

A

Repression

169
Q

An adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy, or self-esteem

A

Resistance

170
Q

The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions

A

Respect (Wolfelt)

171
Q

Respect is associated with

A

Wolfelt

172
Q

According to Simos, a compelling need by which the individual attempts to restore inner psychological equilibrium, uniting past, present, and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to ______________

A

Restitution

173
Q

Restitution is associated with

A

Simos

174
Q

Any act that is charged with symbolic content

A

Ritual

175
Q

Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased

A

Searching

176
Q

The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual hols of himself or herself

A

Self-Concept

177
Q

The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by othres

A

Self-Disclosure

178
Q

The degree of regard a person holds for oneself

A

Self-Esteem

179
Q

A prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise

A

Self Fulfilling Prophecy

180
Q

Deals with the meanings of words

A

Semantics

181
Q

Encodes and delivers the message

A

Sender

182
Q

The assumption of blame directed toward one’s self by others

A

Shame

183
Q

The reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent, and upsetting disturbance

A

Shock

184
Q

Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. Adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises

A

Situational Counseling

185
Q

Moral principles that vary with circumstances

A

Situational Ethics

186
Q

Making judgments about ourselves through the comparison with others

A

Social Comparison

187
Q

A phenomenon that occurs when an individual’s performance improves because of the presence of others

A

Social Facilitation

188
Q

Not listening because he/she is only interested in what he’she has to say

A

Stage Hogging

189
Q

Life events and minor hassles that exert pressure or strain

A

Stress

190
Q

Any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress

A

Stressor

191
Q

Redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes

A

Sublimation

192
Q

The sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome aka SIDS aka Crib Death

193
Q

A deliberate act of self destruction

A

Suicide

194
Q

An unsuccessful attempt made by the person to end his or her own life

A

Suicidal Gesture

195
Q

Thoughts of ending one’s life

A

Suicidal Ideation

196
Q

A brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session

A

summary

197
Q

A conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns

A

Suppression

198
Q

Guilt felt by the survivors

A

Survivor Guilt

199
Q

Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss

A

Sympathy

200
Q

The arrangement of words in a sentence

A

Syntax

201
Q

The study of death

A

Thanatology

202
Q

An irrational, exaggerated fear of death

A

Thanatophobia

203
Q

Complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph

A

Thematic

204
Q

A belief in god or gods

A

Theistic aka Theism

205
Q

A complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph

A

Thesis Statement

206
Q

A statement or action which creates anxiety in an individual’s life

A

Threat

207
Q

The quality of one’s voice

A

Tone

208
Q

The region of the mind that is beyond awareness especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person

A

Unconscious

209
Q

Beliefs that are held in high esteem

A

Values

210
Q

The loudness of one’s voice

A

Volume

211
Q

Spoken, oral communication

A

Verbal Communication

212
Q

The ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors

A

Warmth and Caring

213
Q

Warmth and Caring is associated with

A

Woelfelt

214
Q

Incorrect assumptions that lead us to believe that we have heard the message before or that the message is too simple or too complex to understand

A

Faulty Assumption