The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant
Acute Grief
The individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other
Adaptation
The feelings and their expression
Affect
Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral
Aftercare aka Post-Funeral Counseling
The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another
Aggression
Fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger created by the impact of the shock
Alarm
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable
Alienation
Providing a choice of services and merchandise available as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements, formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis
Alternatives
A disconfirming response with more than one meaning, leaving the other party unsure of the responder’s position
Ambiguous Response
Blame directed toward another person
Anger
A term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience
Anomic Grief
Anomic Grief is typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through
Medical Control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead
Syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss; the actual death comes as a confirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition
Anticipatory Grief
A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat, a shortness of breath and other similar ramifications of arousal of the autonomic nervous system; an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen
Anxiety
The process of correctly pronouncing all the necessary parts of a word
Articulation
A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice
At-Need Counseling
The tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with other coming from the need for security and safety
Attachment Theory (BOWLBY)
Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior
Attending aka Listening
A learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institution in a positive or negative way
Attitude
The experience of the emotion and grief
Bereavement
That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct as it applies to business transactions
Business Ethics
A formal act or observance that may or may not have symbolic content
Ceremony
The medium through which a message passes from sender to receiver
Channel
Excessive in duration and never comes to satisfactory conclusion
Chronic Grief
The character of an individual viewed as a member of society; behavior in terms of the duties, obligations, and functions of a citizen
Citizenship
A phrase coined by CARL ROGERS to refer to that type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation; a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and natural capacity for growth and health
Client Centered aka Non-Directive aka Rogerian aka Person-Centered Coounseling
The emotional tone of a relationship as it is expressed in the messages that the partners send and receive
Climate
A declaration or public statement of professional standards of right and wrong conduct
Code of Ethics
From the latin “to know”, the study of the origins and consequences of thought, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes
Cognitive Psychology
The rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment, or burial at sea
Committal Service
A general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts, and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of this interchange
Communication
Grief extending over a long period of time without resolution
Complicated aka Unresolved aka Chronic Grief
To be clear and brief
Concise
To hold certain information in trust and not disclose without proper authorization or authority
Confidentiality
An expressed struggle between at least two interdependent parties who perceive incompatible goals, scarce rewards, and interference from the other party in achieving their goals
Conflict
According to client-centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with other’s perception of one-self
Congruence
The emotional associations of a term
Connotation
Characteristic ways of responding to stress
Coping
A state of moral development in which the expectation of the social group (family, community, and nation) are supported and maintained
Conventional Stage (KOHLBERG)
The Conventional Stage is associated with whom?
Kohlberg
Agreement between group members about a decision
Consensus
The individual seeking assistance or guidance
Counselee
Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation; helping someone else with a problem
Counseling (Webster)
What is Webster’s definition of Counseling
Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation; helping someone else with a problem
Any time someone helps someone else with a problem
Counseling (Jackson)
What is Jackson’s definition of Counseling
Any time someone helps someone else with a problem
Good communication within and between men; good, free communication within or between men is always therapeutic
Counseling (Rogers)
What is Roger’s definition of counseling?
Good communication within and between men; good, free communication within or between men is always therapeutic
A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy person. A counselor’s clients are encourage to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or charectorological disorders
Counseling (Ohlsen)
What is Ohlsen’s definition of counseling?
A therapeutic experience for reasonably healthy person. A counselor’s clients are encourage to seek assistance before they develop serious neurotic, psychotic, or charectorological disorders
The individual providing assistance and guidance
Counselor
The believability of a speaker or other source of information
Credibility
A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual’s feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain impair his or her ability to act
Crisis
Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner. Intentional responses which help individuals in crisis situations
Crisis Counseling
Consists of abstract patterns (rules, ideas, beliefs, shared by members of society) of and for living and dying, which are learned directly or indirectly
Culture
A learned emotional response to death-related phenomenon which is characterized by extreme apprehension
Death Anxiety
An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety
Defense Mechanisms
Taking innocent comments as personal attacks
Defensive Listening
Inhibited, suppressed, or postponed response to a loss
Delayed Grief Reaction (Worden)
Delayed Grief Reaction is associated with
Worden
The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self
Denial
The objective, emotion-free meaning of a term
Denotation
Counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc
Directive Counseling
Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical
Discrimination
A defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than one who caused the anger originally
Displaced Aggression
Redirection of emotion to other targets
Displacement
Two units regarded as a pair
Dyad
An example of a dyad would be a
Husband and wife
An unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety
Ego Defense Mechanisms
The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states
Emotion; Emotional Expression
Feelings such as happiness, anger, or grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes
Emotions
Listening in which the goal is to help the speaker solve a problem
Empathetic Listening
The ability to enter into and share the feelings of others
Empathy (Wolfelt)
Empathy is associated with whom?
Wolfelt
Physical location and personal history surrounding the communication
Environment
Words that have more than one dictionary meaning
Equivocal Terms
That branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such actions
Ethics (Webster)
Ethics is associated with whom?
Webster
The cultural heritage or identity of a group, based on factors such as language or country of origin
Ethnicity
A pleasant term substituted for a more direct, less pleasant term
Euphemism
An act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from life-limiting conditions
Euthanasia aka Right to Die
Listening in which the goal is to judge the quality or accuracy of speaker’s remarks
Evaluative Listening
Persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling
Exaggerated Grief (Wordern)
Exaggerated Grief is associated with
Worden
A speech planned in advance by presented in a direct, conversational manner
Extemporaneous Speech
To assist understanding of the circumstances or situations the individual is experiencing, and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary
Facilitate
Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread, and disquieting
Fear
The discernible response of the receiver
Feedback
Centering a client’s thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem
Focusing
The speech memorized or delivered word for word from a manuscript
Formal
An organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity, and respect
Funeral Rite
The study of human behavior as related to funeral service
Funeral Service Psychology
The state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted; the blocking of the satisfaction of a perceived need by some kind of obstacle
Frustration
The ability to present one’s self sincerely
Genuineness (Wolfelt)
Genuineness is associated with
Wolfelt
Adjustment, motivational in nature, to be acheived
Goals
A rule of ethical conduct found in some form in most major religions usually phrased, Do unto others as you would have them do unto you
Golden Rule
An emotion or set of emotions due to a loss
Grief
Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame
Grief Counseling
A set of symptoms associated with loss
Grief Syndrome (Lindemann)
Grief Syndrome is associated with
Lindemann
Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions
Grief Therapy (Worden)
Grief Therapy is associated with
Worden
A process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment
Griefwork (Lindemann)
Griefwork is associated with
Lindemann
Support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems
Guidance
Blame directed towards one’s self based on real or unreal conditions
Guilt
The killing of one human being by another
Homicide
Having a sense of honor, upright and fair dealing
Honesty
Historically, an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order; also used to indicate a concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition
Hospice
Detailed examples of adjustments, choices, or alternatives available to the client or counselee, from which a course of action may be selected
Illustrating
A speech given off the top of one’s head without preparation
Impromptu Speech
Counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee
Informational counseling
Listening to understand another person or idea
Informational Listening
Fidelity to moral principles
Integrity
Social attraction to another person
Interpersonal Attrraction
Communication in which the two parties involved consider one another as individuals
Interpersonal Communication
Communicating with oneself
Intrapersonal Communication
The study of body movement, gestures, and posture
Kinesics
Rules that govern society
Law
A document which governs the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from an individual in the event of an incurable or irreversible condition that will cause death with in a relatively short time, and which such person is no longer able to make decisions regarding his/her medical treatment
Living Will
A speech read word-for-word from a prepared text
Manuscript Speech
Occurs when person experience symptoms and behaviors which cause them difficulty, but they do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss
Masked Grief (Worden)
Masked Grief is associated with
Worden
A speech that is learned and delivered by rote without a written text
Memorized Speech
A speaker’s words and actiosn
Message
excessive written or verbal information
Message Overload
Any event, person, or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief
Mitigation
Synonymous with ethical; refers to customs, values, and standards of practice of a group, age, or theory intended to be timeless
Moral
Th process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior satisfying physiological or psychological needs
Motivation
Something, as a reason or desire, acting as a spur to action
Motives
An adjustment process which involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved
Mourning
A force that interferes with the process of communication
Noise
A philosophy that does not focus on the worship of a god or gods
Non-Theistic
That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, physical behavior; that which is communicated by any means except verbally
Non-Verbal Communication
Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the counselee’s problem
Option
A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear
Panic
Expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes a shortened form
Paraphrasing
A relatively stable system of determining tendencies within an individual
Personality
A deliberate attempt to change attitudes of belief with information and arguments
Persuasion
The set of values, ideas, and opinions of an individual or group
Philosophy
The highness or lowness of one’s voice
Pitch
According to Carl Rogers, accepting the client or counselee as he or she is, and for what he or she is, without imposing judgments or stipulations
Positive Regard
Positive Regard is associated with
Carl Rogers
A stage of moral development in which the individual considers universal moral principles which supersede the authority of the group
Post-Conventional Stage
A stage of moral development in which moral reasoning is based on reward and punishment from those in authorit
Pre-Conventional Stage
All of the stages are associated with whom?
Kohlberg
Negative attitude toward others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group
Prejudice
A stage of moral development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense or obligation to them. Looking to experience only that which is good or pleasant or to avoid that which is painful
Pre-Moral Stage
That counseling which occurs before a death
Pre-Need Counseling
Attribution of one’s unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else
Projection
The study of how people and animals use space
Proxemics
Giving the appearance of listening
Pseudolistening
A medical doctor with specialty in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
Psychiatrist
The study of human behavior and mental processes in humans and or animals
Psychology
Intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists. Practitioners in this field need special training because they often work with deeper levels of conciousness
Psychotherapy (Jackson)
Psychotherapy is associated with
Jackson
One person speaking with limited verbal feedback
Public Communication
The art or science of establishing and promoting a favorable relationship with the public
Public Relations
A relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity established in any human interaction
Rapport
The speed at which a speaker utters words
Rate
Supplying a logical, rational, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action
Rationalization
Decodes the message
Receiver
A defense mechanism used in grief to return to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping
Regression
Words that gain their meaning through comparison
Relative Terms
A culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of sacred beliefs, emotional feelings accompanying the beliefs, and overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings
Religion
Blocking of threatening material from consciousness
Repression
An adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to act with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy, or self-esteem
Resistance
The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions
Respect (Wolfelt)
Respect is associated with
Wolfelt
According to Simos, a compelling need by which the individual attempts to restore inner psychological equilibrium, uniting past, present, and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to ______________
Restitution
Restitution is associated with
Simos
Any act that is charged with symbolic content
Ritual
Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased
Searching
The relatively stable set of perceptions each individual hols of himself or herself
Self-Concept
The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by othres
Self-Disclosure
The degree of regard a person holds for oneself
Self-Esteem
A prediction or expectation of an event that makes the outcome more likely to occur than would otherwise
Self Fulfilling Prophecy
Deals with the meanings of words
Semantics
Encodes and delivers the message
Sender
The assumption of blame directed toward one’s self by others
Shame
The reaction of the body to an event often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent, and upsetting disturbance
Shock
Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering. Adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises
Situational Counseling
Moral principles that vary with circumstances
Situational Ethics
Making judgments about ourselves through the comparison with others
Social Comparison
A phenomenon that occurs when an individual’s performance improves because of the presence of others
Social Facilitation
Not listening because he/she is only interested in what he’she has to say
Stage Hogging
Life events and minor hassles that exert pressure or strain
Stress
Any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress
Stressor
Redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes
Sublimation
The sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant which remains unexplained after a complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome aka SIDS aka Crib Death
A deliberate act of self destruction
Suicide
An unsuccessful attempt made by the person to end his or her own life
Suicidal Gesture
Thoughts of ending one’s life
Suicidal Ideation
A brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session
summary
A conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns
Suppression
Guilt felt by the survivors
Survivor Guilt
Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss
Sympathy
The arrangement of words in a sentence
Syntax
The study of death
Thanatology
An irrational, exaggerated fear of death
Thanatophobia
Complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph
Thematic
A belief in god or gods
Theistic aka Theism
A complete sentence describing the central idea of a speech, usually found in the first paragraph
Thesis Statement
A statement or action which creates anxiety in an individual’s life
Threat
The quality of one’s voice
Tone
The region of the mind that is beyond awareness especially impulses and desires not directly known to a person
Unconscious
Beliefs that are held in high esteem
Values
The loudness of one’s voice
Volume
Spoken, oral communication
Verbal Communication
The ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors
Warmth and Caring
Warmth and Caring is associated with
Woelfelt
Incorrect assumptions that lead us to believe that we have heard the message before or that the message is too simple or too complex to understand
Faulty Assumption