Psychology

Question 1

Absolute threshold

Answer 1

The minimum amount of stimulus energy needed for an observer to perceive a stimulus, in ideal conditions 50% of the time

Question 2

6 Stages of sensation and perception in vision and taste

Answer 2

reception 
transduction 
transmission 
selection 
organisation 
interpretation

Question 3

reception

Answer 3

THE STIMULUS ENERGY IS COLLECTED BY THE SENCE ORGAN

Question 4

transduction

Answer 4

THE STIMULUS ENERGY IS CONVERTED BY THE RECEPTOR CELLS INTO ELECTROCHEMICAL NERVE IMPULSES

Question 5

transmission

Answer 5

THE RECEPTOR CELLS SEND THE NERVE IMPULSES TO THE PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX WHERE SPECIALISED RECEPTOR CELLS RESPOND AS THE PROCESS OF PERCEPTION

Question 6

selection

Answer 6

WE CANT PAY ATTENTION TO ALL THE MILLIONS OF STIMULI THAT WE RECEIVE AT THE SAME TIME, SO WE PICK OUT THE ONES THAT ARE IMPORTANT

Question 7

organisation

Answer 7

WHEN THE INFORMATION REACHES THE BRAIN, IT IS RECOGNISED SO THAT WE CAN MAKE SENCE OF IT

Question 8

interpretation

Answer 8

PAST EXPERIENCES, MOTIVES, VALUES AND CONTEXT (INCLUDING STIMULATION) ARE INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OWHERE THE STIMULUS IS GIVEN MEANING

Question 9

what the 5 senses of taste

Answer 9

bitter 
salty 
sour 
sweet 
unami

Question 10

the effect of psychological factors on perceptual set

Answer 10

previous experience
context
motivation
emotion

Question 11

what is perceptual set

Answer 11

the predisposition to attend to certain aspects of the visual scene, or to interpret stimuli in a particular way, according to certain preconceptions

Question 12

what is synaesthesia

Answer 12

a cross-modal experience when stimulation of one sensory modality automatically triggers a perception in a secondary sensory modality or cognitive process in the absence of a direct stimulation to this second modality

Question 13

rods

Answer 13

• the photoreceptors providing peripheral vision (out of the corer of the eye) in black and white
• they work in dim light
• they can’t register detail

Question 14

cones

Answer 14

• the photoreceptors providing clear vision in colour
• they need bright light in which to work
• they are responsible for vision of detail

Question 15

structure and function of the eye (the role of the eye in visual perception)

Answer 15

• the light enters the eye through the cornea
• then passes through the pupil
• the lens then focuses the light onto the retina which contains photoreceptors

Question 16

gestalt principles

Answer 16

the tendency for our visual system to perceive what we see as a meaningful whole

Question 17

what are the 4 gestalt principles

Answer 17

figure-ground
closure
similarity
proximity

Question 18

perceptual constancies

Answer 18

maintaining a stable perception of a stimulus although the properties of the image on the retina may change

Question 19

size constancies

Answer 19

the fact that we maintain a constant perception of an image even thought the size of the image on the retina alters as the object moves nearer to or further from us

Question 20

shape constancies

Answer 20

the fact that an object is perceived to maintain its known shape despise the changing perspective from which it is observed

Question 21

biological factors that influence taste and vision

Answer 21

genetics and age

Question 22

psychological factors that influence taste and vision

Answer 22

perceptual set and packaging and branding

Question 23

social factors that influence taste and vision

Answer 23

culture