Psychology Flashcards
(23 cards)
Absolute threshold
The minimum amount of stimulus energy needed for an observer to perceive a stimulus, in ideal conditions 50% of the time
6 Stages of sensation and perception in vision and taste
reception transduction transmission selection organisation interpretation
reception
THE STIMULUS ENERGY IS COLLECTED BY THE SENCE ORGAN
transduction
THE STIMULUS ENERGY IS CONVERTED BY THE RECEPTOR CELLS INTO ELECTROCHEMICAL NERVE IMPULSES
transmission
THE RECEPTOR CELLS SEND THE NERVE IMPULSES TO THE PRIMARY SENSORY CORTEX WHERE SPECIALISED RECEPTOR CELLS RESPOND AS THE PROCESS OF PERCEPTION
selection
WE CANT PAY ATTENTION TO ALL THE MILLIONS OF STIMULI THAT WE RECEIVE AT THE SAME TIME, SO WE PICK OUT THE ONES THAT ARE IMPORTANT
organisation
WHEN THE INFORMATION REACHES THE BRAIN, IT IS RECOGNISED SO THAT WE CAN MAKE SENCE OF IT
interpretation
PAST EXPERIENCES, MOTIVES, VALUES AND CONTEXT (INCLUDING STIMULATION) ARE INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OWHERE THE STIMULUS IS GIVEN MEANING
what the 5 senses of taste
bitter salty sour sweet unami
the effect of psychological factors on perceptual set
previous experience
context
motivation
emotion
what is perceptual set
the predisposition to attend to certain aspects of the visual scene, or to interpret stimuli in a particular way, according to certain preconceptions
what is synaesthesia
a cross-modal experience when stimulation of one sensory modality automatically triggers a perception in a secondary sensory modality or cognitive process in the absence of a direct stimulation to this second modality
rods
- the photoreceptors providing peripheral vision (out of the corer of the eye) in black and white
- they work in dim light
- they can’t register detail
cones
- the photoreceptors providing clear vision in colour
- they need bright light in which to work
- they are responsible for vision of detail
structure and function of the eye (the role of the eye in visual perception)
- the light enters the eye through the cornea
- then passes through the pupil
- the lens then focuses the light onto the retina which contains photoreceptors
gestalt principles
the tendency for our visual system to perceive what we see as a meaningful whole
what are the 4 gestalt principles
figure-ground
closure
similarity
proximity
perceptual constancies
maintaining a stable perception of a stimulus although the properties of the image on the retina may change
size constancies
the fact that we maintain a constant perception of an image even thought the size of the image on the retina alters as the object moves nearer to or further from us
shape constancies
the fact that an object is perceived to maintain its known shape despise the changing perspective from which it is observed
biological factors that influence taste and vision
genetics and age
psychological factors that influence taste and vision
perceptual set and packaging and branding
social factors that influence taste and vision
culture
