Psychology Midterm (Ch. 4 definitions, terms, people, etc.)

Question 1

Stimulation of sense organs

Answer 1

Sensation

Question 2

Selection, organization, and interpretation of sensory input

Answer 2

Perception

Question 3

Transparent eye structure that focuses light rays falling on retina

Answer 3

Lens

Question 4

Curvature of lens adjusting to alter visual focus

Answer 4

Accomodation

Question 5

Distant objects are blurry

Answer 5

Nearsightedness

Question 6

Close objects are blurry

Answer 6

Farsightedness

Question 7

Opening in center of iris that regulates amount of light passing into rear chamber of eye

Answer 7

Pupil

Question 8

Neural tissue lining back surface of eye

Absorbs light, processes images, sends visual information to brain

Answer 8

Retina

Question 9

Visual receptors that specialize in night vision and peripheral vision

Answer 9

Rods

Question 10

Visual receptors that specialize in daylight vision and color vision

Answer 10

Cones

Question 11

Retinal area that affects firing of a visual cell

Answer 11

Receptive field

Question 12

Point at which axons from inside half of each eye cross over and project to the opposite half of the brain

Answer 12

Optic chiasm

Question 13

Visual signals are processed here and distributed to areas in the occipital lobe

Answer 13

LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus)

Question 14

Neurons that respond selectively to very specific features of more complex stimuli

Answer 14

Feature detectors

Question 15

Color mixing where some wavelengths of light are removed, leaving less light than was originally there

Answer 15

Subtractive color-mixing

Question 16

Color mixing where there are superimposed lights, adding more light into the mixture

Answer 16

Additive color-mixing

Question 17

Theory that human eye has three types of receptors with different sensitivities to different light wavelengths

Answer 17

Trichromatic theory of color vision

Question 18

Pairs of colors that produce gray tones when mixed

Answer 18

Complementary colors

Question 19

Sound-collecting cone that makes up much of the external ear

Answer 19

Pinna

Question 20

Three tiny bones in the ear: hammer, anvil, stirrup

Amplify tiny changes in air pressure

Answer 20

Ossicles

Question 21

Fluid-filled, coiled tunnel that contains receptors for hearing (located in inner ear)

Answer 21

Cochlea

Question 22

Holds auditory receptors (hair cells) and runs the length of the spiraled cochlea

Answer 22

Basilar membrane

Question 23

Theory claiming that perception of pitch corresponds to vibration of different portions along the basilar membrane

Answer 23

Place theory

Question 24

Proposed that specific sound frequencies vibrate specific parts of the basilar membrane

Answer 24

Hermann von Helmholtz

Question 25

Theory claiming that perception of pitch corresponds to frequency the entire basilar membrane vibrates

Answer 25

Frequency theory

Question 26

Gradual decline in sensitivity to prolonged sensation

Answer 26

Sensory adaptation

Question 27

This is the only sensory system not routed through the thalamus before it projects onto the cortex

Answer 27

Smell

Question 28

Theory claiming that incoming pain sensations must pass through a "gate" in the spinal cord that can be closed, thus blocking ascending pain signals

Answer 28

Gate-control theory