Psychology Midterm (MC Ch. 1-2) Flashcards
(50 cards)
The school of psychology that focused on identifying and examining the fundamental components of conscious experience, such as sensations, feelings, and images,
A.) humanism.
B.) behaviorism.
C.) structuralism.
D.) functionalism.
C.) structuralism
The term used by William James to describe a continuous flow of thoughts was
A.) existential awareness.
B.) stream of consciousness.
C.) transcendental meditation.
D.) phenomenological flow.
B.) stream of consciousness
Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called
A.) behavior modification.
B.) primal therapy.
C.) psychoanalysis.
D.) rational-emotive therapy.
C.) psychoanalysis
The theoretical orientation that insisted on verifiability of observation was
A.) structuralism.
B.) functionalism.
C.) behaviorism.
D.) psychoanalysis.
C.) behaviorism
Christine is a psychologist who conducts research on the effects of reward on maze learning in rats. Christine would MOST likely be considered a
A.) behaviorist.
B.) structuralist.
C.) psychoanalyst.
D.) Gestalt psychologist.
A.) behaviorist
The notion that all behavior is fully governed by external stimuli is MOST consistent with
A.) behaviorism.
B.) humanism.
C.) structuralism.
D.) functionalism.
A.) behaviorism
It should be easiest to teach a child the behavior of picking up his/her toys by utilizing the principles and techniques developed by
A.) William James.
B.) Abraham Maslow.
C.) B. F. Skinner.
D.) Wilhelm Wundt.
C.) B. F. Skinner
The school of psychology that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, and suggests that we have a drive for personal growth is
A.) humanism.
B.) psychoanalysis.
C.) behaviorism.
D.) functionalism.
A.) humanism
A clinical psychologist would probably be MOST interested in
A.) determining how small groups make decisions.
B.) studying facial expressions of emotion.
C.) figuring out the most effective ways of treating anxiety.
D.) studying the nature of optical illusions.
C.) figuring out the most effective ways of treating anxiety.
Which of the following is a recent movement in psychology that has revived the old interest in mental and conscious events?
A.) physiological psychology
B.) psychoanalysis
C.) behavioral psychology
D.) cognitive psychology
D.) cognitive psychology
A psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s that reflects a renewed interest in the study of the mind or consciousness that existed in psychology when it first became a science in the late 1800s is the
A.) cognitive perspective.
B.) mental perspective.
C.) philosophical perspective.
D.) biological perspective.
A.) cognitive perspective
The basic premise of evolutionary psychology is that natural selection favors behaviors that enhance organisms’ success in
A.) establishing a territory.
B.) locating a source of food.
C.) passing on their genes to the next generation.
D.) aggressive interactions with members of other species.
C.) passing on their genes to the next generation
According to the definition of psychology that appears in your textbook, psychology is both
A.) a science and a profession.
B.) a theory and an academic discipline.
C.) a school of thought and an occupation.
D.) a cognitive process and an undergraduate major.
A.) a science and a profession
A psychologist whose major interest focuses on how behavior changes as a function of age would probably be considered a
A.) physiological psychologist.
B.) developmental psychologist.
C.) social psychologist.
D.) cognitive psychologist.
B.) developmental psychologist
Brooke is a graduate student whose major area of interest is in describing and understanding the consistency in people’s behavior. Which research is Brooke MOST likely to specialize in?
A.) Social psychology
B.) Personality psychology
C.) Cognitive psychology
D.) Physiological psychology
B.) Personality psychology
A newspaper article reported a study by a psychologist in which the attitudes of men and women toward traditional sex roles were studied. MOST likely, the researcher was
A.) a cognitive psychologist.
B.) a counseling psychologist.
C.) a developmental psychologist.
D.) a social psychologist.
D.) a social psychologist
Which of the following areas is MOST similar to clinical psychology?
A.) Social psychology
B.) School psychology
C.) Industrial psychology
D.) Counseling psychology
D.) Counseling psychology
An area of specialization in applied psychology that is primarily involved in the treatment of less severe problems of everyday life (such as marriage counseling) is
A.) social psychology.
B.) counseling psychology.
C.) clinical psychology.
D.) cognitive psychology.
B.) counseling psychology
Which of the following qualifies as empirically-based knowledge?
A.) intuition
B.) insight
C.) common sense
D.) observed actions
D.) observed actions
Which of the following statements about the influence of culture is LEAST accurate?
A.) The influence of culture is everywhere.
B.) Our cultural heritage has a pervasive impact on our thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
C.) There is not much diversity in the behavior among members of the same culture.
D.) There are both differences and similarities across cultures in behavior.
C.) There is not much diversity in the behavior among members of the same culture.
When Watson proposed that psychology should only study observable behaviors and not consciousness, he was emphasizing the unifying theme that
A.) behavior is influenced by multiple causes.
B.) people’s experience of the world is highly subjective.
C.) psychology should use theories.
D.) psychology should be empirical.
D.) psychology should be empirical
According to research, which of the following is MOST likely to be associated with poor grades?
A.) Being absent from class
B.) Rewarding yourself for studying
C.) Overlearning the material
D.) Changing answers on a multiple-choice test
A.) Being absent from class
That people sometimes see what they either “want to see” or “expect to see” BEST reflects the text’s unifying theme that
A.) heredity and environment jointly influence behavior.
B.) behavior is shaped by cultural heritage.
C.) people’s experience of the world is empirical.
D.) people’s experience of the world is highly subjective.
D.) people’s experience of the world is highly subjective.
Research has shown that the skills and attitudes involved in critical thinking
A.) naturally develop during adolescence.
B.) naturally develop during early adulthood.
C.) need to be specifically taught to individuals.
D.) only develop in individuals trained in scientific disciplines.
C.) need to be specifically taught to individuals.
