Psychology of Individual Differences - Freud Flashcards
(17 cards)
Explain the key theme of
Understanding Disorders
What are the five stages of development
- Oral
- Anal
- Phallic
- Latent
- Genital
Explain the Oral stage
From birth to 1 years old
Only part of personality present is Id
Child’s Libido is focused on the mouth (Breastfeeding)
Children will explore with their mouths
Child’s ego begins to form
What is the Theory of Infantile Sexuality/Theory of Psychosexual Development
Different parts of the body are particularly sensitive at different times during childhood.
The sequence of the psychosexual stages are determined by maturation (nature) and how the child is treated by others (nurture)
Explain how a healthy development of the Onal stage shapes and adult’s personality
If progressed healthily through this stage:
Trust others
Form healthy relationships
Enjoyment of food and drink
Explain the Anal Stage
1-3 years old
Libido is focused on the anus
(Potty training takes place)
Ego continues to develop as child has to learn delayed gratification (Going to the toilet)
until an appropriate time
Id has to wait to be satisfied
Explain how a healthy development of the Anal stage shapes and adult’s personality
Healthy Development:
Parents who utilize praise and reward for using the toilet
People become competent, productive and creative adults.
Explain how an unhealthy development of the Oral stage shapes and adult’s personality
If a person become fixated at this stage in two ways:
Too much gratification - as adults they may be optimistic and gullible, too dependent on others, too trusting.
OR
If child does not receive enough gratification - As an adult they may be aggressive, pessimistic and full of envy and suspicion
Explain how an unhealthy development of the Anal stage shapes and adult’s personality
Too little gratification (anal retentive): Parents are too strict or begin potty training too early
People can become stringent, orderly, obsessive adults
Too much gratification (anal expulsive): parents are too lax with potty training and child goes toilet anywhere
People can become messy, careless and defiant adults
Explain the Phallic Stage
3-6 years old
Libido is now focused on the genitals and opposite sex parent
Children discover difference between males and females
Ego has formed
Superego = not present
Superego is formed through Oedipus complex and Electra Complex
Explain the Oedipus complex
[[Oedipus is a Greek mythical figure who killed his father and married his mother]]
Young boy focuses his sexual energy onto his mother
Sees father as a threat to the bond of him and his mother
Boy also fears his father because if the father found out his feelings for his mother, the father would castrate the boy (CASTRATION ANXIETY)
The boy must become his father to possess his mother
THE INTERNAL REPRESENTATION OF HIS FATHER BECOMES THE SUPEREGO
Explain the Electra Complex
Girls realise they dont have a penis - feel as though they have already been castrated
(PENIS ENVY)
Know that their father has a penis and develops sexual feelings as a way of possessing his penis
Start to see their mother as a rival for her father
Girl blames mother for her own lack of penis, believes mother castrated her
Penis envy isnt as fearful as castration anxiety so the girl does not identify with her mother as strongly = Weaker superego
Females never fully resolve the Electra Complex, not as moral as boys
Girl replaces her penis envy with desire for baby
Explain the Latency Stage
7 years old - puberty
Libido are supressed
Development of ego and superego contribute to period of calm
Children become more concerned with their relationships, hobbies and other interests.
Sexual Energy is still present
what is the Latent Stage important for
development of social and communication skills and self-confidence
Explain the Genital Stage
Puberty - Death
Libido is focused on genitals
Gratification is received from opposite sex rather than parents
Adult personality is set = any issues on stage three (phallic) will be revisited
Oedipus and Electra Complex is repressed into unconscious
Explain how a healthy development of the Genital stage shapes and adult’s personality
They will be a Well-adjusted, mature adult with the capability of being loved and love itself
Hard worker and contribute to society
What does freud describe an individual who has passed through the Genital stage without issue as
A Genital Character
