psychology of sport Flashcards
(35 cards)
term personality
those relatively stable and enduring aspects of individuals
which distinguish them from other people, making them unique
but at the same time permit a comparison between individuals
theories
- trait theory (eysenck)
- social learning theory (bandura)
trait theory (personality definition)
personality is the more or less stable and enduring organization of a persons character, temperament, intellect and physique which determines the unique adjustment to the environment
trait theory (factors)
- people are born with established personality characteristics
- inherited at birth
- stable
- enduring
- consistent in all situations
BEHAVIOR = FUNCTION OF PERSONALITY
+ve = can be easily measured through questionnaires
-ve = not take account environmental influence. not a true indicator of behavior
INTROVERT & EXTROVERT
2 types of personality
type A & type B
type A
- highly competitive
- desire to succeed
- need to be in control
- prone to stress
type B
- non-competitive skills
- lacks desire to succeed
- does not enjoy control
- less prone to stress
social learning theory
all behavior is learned through interaction with the environment
BEHAVIOR = FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENT
-ve = not consider inherited behavior
4 main stages
attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivational response
attention
- learn through observation
- certain levels of respect for the model
retention
- must be able to remember skill or behavior and recall it
motor reproduction
- must be physically able to perform tasks observed
- time to practice
motivational response
- athletes need to be motivated or they will not go through the first 3 stages
- motivation is dependent upon reinforcement
personality components of the social learning theory
- knowing
- being aware
- thinking
- learning
- judging
what capacity does it have
learn through observation
how personality & social theory are related?
- competencies & skills
- beliefs & expectancies
- behavioral standards
- personal goals
competencies & skills
some psychological structures are relevant in one situation but may not be in another
psychological change competencies are acquired through observation & social interaction
beliefs & expectancies
beliefs are how things are in our life (sport).
expectance are how things are going to be in future.
is important to evaluate the worth & quality of an event.
behavioral standards
how we judge the goodness or worth of our behavior.
evaluate our own actions & then respond in an emotionally satisfied way.
internal guidance system.
personal goals
key concept to influencing change is identification & realization of ones goals
3 factors for change to occur
- how do we see the world?
- what do we think will happen in the future?
- what should the world look like?
interactionist theory
behavior occurs from the interaction between inherited traits & learned experiences
BEHAVIOR = FUNCTION OF PERSONALITY + ENVIRONMENT
kurt lewin
one of the most influential social psychologists of this century.
his equation: B = f (P x E)
individual’s experience
says it cannot be understood if personal & situational factors are separated
