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Anatomy > psychology of sport > Flashcards

psychology of sport Flashcards

1
Q

term personality

A

those relatively stable and enduring aspects of individuals
which distinguish them from other people, making them unique
but at the same time permit a comparison between individuals

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2
Q

theories

A
  • trait theory (eysenck)
  • social learning theory (bandura)
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3
Q

trait theory (personality definition)

A

personality is the more or less stable and enduring organization of a persons character, temperament, intellect and physique which determines the unique adjustment to the environment

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4
Q

trait theory (factors)

A
  • people are born with established personality characteristics
  • inherited at birth
  • stable
  • enduring
  • consistent in all situations
    BEHAVIOR = FUNCTION OF PERSONALITY
    +ve = can be easily measured through questionnaires
    -ve = not take account environmental influence. not a true indicator of behavior
    INTROVERT & EXTROVERT
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5
Q

2 types of personality

A

type A & type B

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6
Q

type A

A
  • highly competitive
  • desire to succeed
  • need to be in control
  • prone to stress
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7
Q

type B

A
  • non-competitive skills
  • lacks desire to succeed
  • does not enjoy control
  • less prone to stress
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8
Q

social learning theory

A

all behavior is learned through interaction with the environment
BEHAVIOR = FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENT
-ve = not consider inherited behavior

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9
Q

4 main stages

A

attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivational response

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10
Q

attention

A
  • learn through observation
  • certain levels of respect for the model
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11
Q

retention

A
  • must be able to remember skill or behavior and recall it
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12
Q

motor reproduction

A
  • must be physically able to perform tasks observed
  • time to practice
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13
Q

motivational response

A
  • athletes need to be motivated or they will not go through the first 3 stages
  • motivation is dependent upon reinforcement
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14
Q

personality components of the social learning theory

A
  • knowing
  • being aware
  • thinking
  • learning
  • judging
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15
Q

what capacity does it have

A

learn through observation

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16
Q

how personality & social theory are related?

A
  • competencies & skills
  • beliefs & expectancies
  • behavioral standards
  • personal goals
17
Q

competencies & skills

A

some psychological structures are relevant in one situation but may not be in another
psychological change competencies are acquired through observation & social interaction

18
Q

beliefs & expectancies

A

beliefs are how things are in our life (sport).
expectance are how things are going to be in future.
is important to evaluate the worth & quality of an event.

19
Q

behavioral standards

A

how we judge the goodness or worth of our behavior.
evaluate our own actions & then respond in an emotionally satisfied way.
internal guidance system.

20
Q

personal goals

A

key concept to influencing change is identification & realization of ones goals

21
Q

3 factors for change to occur

A
  • how do we see the world?
  • what do we think will happen in the future?
  • what should the world look like?
22
Q

interactionist theory

A

behavior occurs from the interaction between inherited traits & learned experiences
BEHAVIOR = FUNCTION OF PERSONALITY + ENVIRONMENT

23
Q

kurt lewin

A

one of the most influential social psychologists of this century.
his equation: B = f (P x E)

24
Q

individual’s experience

A

says it cannot be understood if personal & situational factors are separated

25
Q

emergensis

A

it’s called if a specific combination of several genes interact

26
Q

epigenetics

A

study of why genes interact with the environment & in turn shape human behavior

27
Q

contemporary model by Walter Michelle

A
  • competencies – our skills & knowledge.
  • encoding strategies – our particular style & the schemas we use in processing information.
  • expectancies – what we expect from our own behavior & our anticipations of our performance levels.
  • plans – what we intend to do.
28
Q

formula

A

behavior + function of personality x environment

29
Q

3 levels of personality

A
  1. Psychology core
  2. typical responses
  3. role - related behavior
30
Q

psychological core

A
  • most internal of personality levels
  • most difficult level to research
31
Q

typical responses

A
  • responses are changeable
  • become modified as the person responds to environmental situations
  • often reflect the makeup of the personality core
32
Q

role-related behavior

A
  • most external of personality levels
  • dynamic & changeable
  • ## interactionist approach is not simple
33
Q

issues associated with measurement of personality

A
  • data collection
  • validity & reliability issues
  • ethical issues
34
Q

measuring personality

A
  • interviews
  • questionnaires
  • observations
35
Q

issues in personality research & sport performance

A
  • athletes versus non-athletes
  • personality & sports type
  • predicting performance
  • refer to the positions adopted by the skeptical & credulous groups of psychologists

Anatomy (9 decks)

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