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Anatomy > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

skull
sternum
ribs
vertebral column

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2
Q

main function

A

provide protection

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3
Q

skull

A

sits on top of the vertebral column and is divided into the cranium and the face, protect very important organs

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4
Q

sinuses

A

small cavities

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5
Q

sutures

A

immobile joints

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6
Q

groups skull

A

cranium & face

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7
Q

bones of the facial skeleton

A

14 bones: the orbits of the eyes, the nasal & oral cavities, the sinuses

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8
Q

vertebral column

A

help maintain balance, absorb shock, support head, enclose & protect spinal cord

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9
Q

4 curves

A

cervical & lumbar are anteriorly convex
thoracic & sacral/coccygeal are anteriorly concave

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10
Q

vertebra structure

A

cervical vertebra smallest
thoracic less mobile because the ribs
lumbar biggest & strongest
sacral transmit weight to pelvis & legs

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11
Q

sternum

A

flat bone starts bottom of the throat and ends halfway down the chsest

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12
Q

ribs

A

curved bones, articulate with sternum

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13
Q

total ribs

A

1-7 true ribs
8-10 false ribs
11-12 floating ribs

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14
Q

thoracic cage

A

sternum + ribs + thoracic vertebrae

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15
Q

intercostal muscles

A

located in-between the ribs

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16
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

shoulder girdle
upper limbs
pelvic girdle
lower limbs

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17
Q

main function

A

mostly involved in movement

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18
Q

shoulder girdles

A

clavicles & scapula

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19
Q

clavicles

A

articulate with sternum anteriorly

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20
Q

scapula

A

flat triangular bone
posterior to the ribcage
articulate with clavicle & humerus

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21
Q

upper limbs

A

humerus
radius & ulna
wrist
hand

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22
Q

humerus

A

articulates with forearm bones

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23
Q

radius & ulna

A

articulate with elbow joint
at wrist articulate with carpal bones

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24
Q

ulna

A

larger of the two forearm

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25
Q

carpal bones

A

short bones
arranged closely together in two rows of four

26
Q

carpal bones

A

articulate with metacarpals & proximal phalanges

27
Q

hand bones

A

8 bones wrist
5 bones palm (metacarpals)
14 bones fingers (phalanges)

28
Q

pelvic girdles

A

connects bones of the lower limbs to axial skeleton
right & left hip bones

29
Q

hip

A

large, flattened & irregular shaped

30
Q

3 bones

A

ilium, ischium & pubis

31
Q

lower limbs

A

thigh, leg & foot

32
Q

femur

A

bone of the thigh, longest & heaviest

33
Q

articulates

A

pelvis in a hollow area called the acetabulum from the hip joint
the larger tibia
smaller fibula

34
Q

patella (kneecap)

A

small, triangular bone
located front of the knee
supports cuádriceps tendon

35
Q

foot bones

A

tarsal bones (ankle)
phalanges bones (toes)
metatarsal bones (foot)

36
Q

foot has:

A

5 metatarsals
5 proximal phalanges
5 distal phalanges
4 middle phalanges

37
Q

skeleton functions

A

protection of vital organs
support & maintains posture
provides attachment points for muscles
storage & release minerals
blood cell production
storage of energy

38
Q

types of joints

A

fibrous (immovable)
cartilage (semi moveable)
synovial (freely moveable)

39
Q

bone types

A

long bones
short bones
flat bones
irregular bones
sesamoid bones

40
Q

long bones

A

long cylindrical shaft & enlarged area at each end of bone
length alway greater than width
most important for movement

41
Q

examples of long bones

A

femur, metatarsals & clavicle

42
Q

short bones

A

small & cube shaped
articulate with more than one bone

43
Q

examples of short bones

A

carpals of hand & tarsals of feet

44
Q

flat bones

A

curved surface either thick or thin
provide protection & muscle attachment

45
Q

examples of flat bones

A

sternum, scapula, ribs & pelvis

46
Q

irregular bones

A

specialized shapes & functions

47
Q

examples of irregular bones

A

vertebrae, sacrum & coccyx

48
Q

sesamoid bones

A

short bone which embedded ni tendons where large amounts of pressure develop

49
Q

examples of sesamoid bones

A

pisiform (2) - carpal bones
patella (2) - kneecap

50
Q

connective tissue

A

cartilage (end of bones)
ligaments (connects bone - bone)
tendons (connects bone - muscle)

51
Q

joints

A

a joint occurs where two or more bones articulate

52
Q

main function of joints

A

increase mobility of the body & limbs

53
Q

joint movement & stability

A

the more movement a joint has, less stability it has & greater risk of injury

54
Q

factors that affect

A

shape of joint
area of contact
flexibility of ligaments
influence of other soft tissue

55
Q

types of soft tissue

A

tendons, muscle, joint capsules etc

56
Q

fixed / immovable

A

very stable
allow no observable movement
bones are often joined by strong fibers called sutures

57
Q

cartilaginous / semi-moveable

A
  • allows slight movement: slight compression of cartilage
  • the end bones are covered with white pads of fibrocartilage
  • act as shock absorbers
58
Q

synovial / freely moveable

A
  • most common
  • allow wide range of movement
  • subdivided according to movement possibilities
59
Q

features of a synovial joint

A

articular cartilage
synovial membrane
synovial fluid
bursae
meniscus
ligaments
articular capsule

60
Q

examples of synovial joints

A

tarsal bones, carpal bones, elbow joint, radioulnar joint, shoulder joint…

Anatomy (9 decks)

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