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CDSW Program > Psychology Review > Flashcards

Psychology Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mental health condition characterized by hallucinations, delusions and abnormal behaviour called?

A

Psychosis

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2
Q

Which gender is more prone to generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Women

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3
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

Memory loss that is not explained by typical forgetfulness

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4
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder?

A

Two or more distinct or split identities or personality states that continually have power over your behaviour

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5
Q

What is depersonalization-derealization?

A

Feeling if detachment or bring outside of your body

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6
Q

What is long term memory?

A

The final stage of memory processing where information is permanently stored for future use

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7
Q

What is “chunking”?

A

The ability to improve short term memory by grouping into “chunks” information to reduce the overall number of items assigned to the act of remembering

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8
Q

What are some symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Sweating, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, trembling and frequent urination

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9
Q

What are the three main processes involved in remembering?

A

Encoding, storage and retrieval (recall)

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10
Q

What is encoding?

A

The initial stage of memory processing where incoming sensory information is briefly held and encoded. It is the first step in information processing system

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11
Q

What is at the bottom of the pyramid of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

Physiological needs like food and water

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12
Q

What are some symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Delusions, hallucinations, social withdrawal, disturbances in thinking and abnormal physical movements

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13
Q

What are indicators of phobias?

A

Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of an object, situation or activity

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14
Q

What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?

A

Emphasis on the uniqueness, growth and psychological health of individuals

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15
Q

What is Extrinsic Motivation?

A

When an activity is done to gain an external reward or to avoid an undesirable consequence

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16
Q

What is parallel processing?

A

The cognitive process which involves the simultaneous handling of multiple bits of information

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17
Q

What is storage?

A

The second process of memory where encoded information is retained overtime

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18
Q

What is not a goal of psychology?

A

Categorization

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19
Q

What is the Just Noticeable Difference?

A

Term for the smallest change in perception that is only detected 50% of the time

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20
Q

What is the classical conditioning theory?

A

Involves learning through the association of stimuli

21
Q

What is sensory adaptation?

A

The phenomenon where individuals become less sensitive to unchanging sensory stimulus overtime

22
Q

What is the critical element in classical conditioning?

A

Whether the conditioned stimulus enables the prediction of the unconditioned stimulus

23
Q

What is an example of the survival response?

A

Acquiring a conditioned taste aversion after associating a specific taste with feeling ill

24
Q

In the context of learning, what is extinction?

A

The weakening and eventual disappearance of. Learned response

25
Q

In the context of learning, what is “spontaneous recovery”?

A

Occurs after extinction when a conditioned stimulus is presented again and a conditioned response reappears

26
Q

What is light exposure?

A

The primary influence on circadian rhythms

27
Q

What is sleep apnea?

A

A sleep disorder characterized by interruptions in breathing during sleep. It is often accompanied by loud snoring and repeated awakenings due to oxygen deprivation

28
Q

What is insomnia?

A

Difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep or waking up too early

29
Q

What is the technique used to improve memory recall?

A

First letter technique

30
Q

What is the method of Loci?

A

Method that can help you remember by associating information with specific locations

31
Q

What is the Keyword method?

A

Main strategy for remembering new information by associating new words with familiar words

32
Q

What is the mnemonic technique that involves creating an acronym from the initial letters of words or concept?

A

The first letter technique

33
Q

What did Skinner’s behaviourist theory empathize?

A

The importance of external stimuli and reinforcement in language learning

34
Q

What does the Interactionist Perspective suggest?

A

That language and thought have a mutually supportive relationship

35
Q

What did Alfred Binet’s 1904 work lead to?

A

The Binet-Simon Intelligence scale

36
Q

What is the primary focus of the Nature-Nurture controversy?

A

The influence of genetics and environment on human development

37
Q

What is the Longitudinal study?

A

The research design that involves observing and measuring the same individuals over an extended period of time in order to track changes and developments

38
Q

What is the primary goal of cross-sectional studies in developmental research?

A

Examining age related differences or changes in traits

39
Q

Why is non-verbal communication considered effective?

A

Because we are biologically wired and predisposed for emotional signals

40
Q

What is Social Anxiety Disorder?

A

The fear of embarrassment or humiliating yourself in front of others and/or the irrational fear of performance in social situations

41
Q

What is the Realistic Conflict Theory?

A

Theory that competition over resources can escalate group tensions and lead to prejudice and hostility

42
Q

What is the Deindividuation Effect?

A

Phenomenon where individuals lose personal identity in group situations. It was the aim of the Zimbardo’s prison study

43
Q

What is aggression?

A

The intentional infliction of harm on another

44
Q

What is personality?

A

An individual’s unique and stable pattern of characteristics, traits, thoughts , emotions and behaviours

45
Q

What is the primary focus of psychoanalysis according to Sigmund Freud?

A

Revealing unconscious thoughts and emotions

46
Q

What was introduced to psychoanalytic theories by Karen Horney?

A

Basic anxiety and three coping strategies

47
Q

What are the criteria used to define abnormal behaviour in the context of mental health?

A

Statistical rarity, deviation from social norms, maladaptive behaviour, personal distress and disability or dysfunction

48
Q

What are therapeutic approaches commonly associated with behaviour therapies in addressing mental health concerns?

A

Exposure therapy, systemic desensitization, cognitive behavioural therapy, social skills training and applied behaviour analysis

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