Lifespan Development Review

Question 1

How were children seen in western societies in the Middle Ages?

Answer 1

As inherently wicked as

Question 2

In Erikson’s stages, what is the primary outcome of Initiative vs Guilt?

Answer 2

Feelings of confidence and independence

Question 3

What theory emphasizes the interconnected influence of biological, psychological and social factors?

Answer 3

Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory

Question 4

Who is credited with finding child development as an academic discipline in the United States?

Answer 4

G. Stanley Hall

Question 5

What is the learning perspective?

Answer 5

Psychological perspective that emphasizes learning through consequences, reinforcement and punishment

Question 6

What does the epigenome control?

Answer 6

Gene expression in human development through chemical marks on the DNA

Question 7

What is the Ecological Systems Theory?

Answer 7

Theory that states that the macro system influences of the broader cultural and socio-economic settings

Question 8

In sex determination during fertilization, what does “XY” result in?

Answer 8

Male

Question 9

What are the key characteristics of fraternal (Dizygotic) twins?

Answer 9

They have different genetic compositions

Question 10

What is Phenylketonuria?

Answer 10

Genetic disorder characterized by an inability to metabolize phenylalanine leading to intellectual challenges and physical problems

Question 11

When do painless Braxton-Hicks contractions occur?

Answer 11

During the last month of pregnancy

Question 12

What marks the beginning of the second stage of childbirth?

Answer 12

The baby’s head moving into the vagina

Question 13

What does an episiotomy during childbirth do?

Answer 13

Prevents random tearing during crowning

Question 14

What percentage of childbirths in Canada occur in hospitals?

Answer 14

98.5%

Question 15

What does the Canadian Preterm Birth Network do?

Answer 15

Works to increase preterm infant survival rates

Question 16

What does Proximodistal Development mean?

Answer 16

Development proceeds from the trunk outwards

Question 17

What does Cephalocaudal Development mean?

Answer 17

From the head to the body

Question 18

What is Failure to Thrive?

Answer 18

A disorder in infants and young children impairing physical growth and cognitive development

Question 19

What does the Canadian Paediatric Society recommend?

Answer 19

Exclusive breast feeding for the first six months

Question 20

What are the downsides of breastfeeding?

Answer 20

The mother needs to be adequately nourished and it may involve physical demands and soreness in the breasts

Question 21

What is a schema according to Piaget?

Answer 21

A mental structure that categorizes knowledge; children use it for assimilation

Question 22

What are the primary characteristics in Piaget’s Concrete Operational Stage in cognitive development?

Answer 22

Logical mental actions and conversation concepts

Question 23

What is the concept of Object Permanence?

Answer 23

The recognition that objects or people exist even when out of sight. This typically emerges in the sensorimotor stage

Question 24

What is Deferred Imitation according to Piaget?

Answer 24

Imitation of an action observed hours, days or weeks earlier and is demonstrated around 18 months

Question 25

What is the primary task during Erikson’s Stage 1- Basic Trust vs Mistrust?

Answer 25

Developing trust. Mistrust may be the result of inconsistent or unreliable caregiving

Question 26

What happens according to the Ethological View of Attachment?

Answer 26

Exposure to the human face elicits a social smile which promotes survival in infants

Question 27

What is the key concept of the Internal Working Model in the context of attachment?

Answer 27

A set of beliefs and expectations about self worth and the availability of others for protection and soothing

Question 28

What is the primary characteristic of Ainsworth’s “Secure Attachment Style”?

Answer 28

Mild protest during parent departure, seeking interaction upon parent return and easy comfort

Question 29

What does the impact of attachment styles state?

Answer 29

That secure attachment predicts psychological disorders by age 17

Question 30

What is the average growth rate for height in the pre-school years?

Answer 30

5-6 cm (2-3 inches) per year

Question 31

What happens at 2 years old?

Answer 31

The brain reaches approximately 75% of its adult weight

Question 32

What is drawing shapes in childhood an example of?

Answer 32

A fine motor skill

Question 33

Does the level of parental activity correlate to activity levels in their children?

Answer 33

Yes. More active parents lead to more active children and vice versa

Question 34

What is excessive television watching a risk factor for?

Answer 34

Childhood obesity

Question 35

How many calories does an average 8-10 year old need according to Canada’s Food Guide?

Answer 35

Approximately 1600 per day

Question 36

What is one challenge in maintaining good nutrition in middle childhood?

Answer 36

The prevelance of sugar, animal fats and salt in the school cafeteria

Question 37

What percentage of children in Canada aged 5-17 are obese?

Answer 37

30%

Question 38

What are key motor skills developed by children between the ages of 8-10?

Answer 38

Balancing, coordination and strength

Question 39

What is one associated issue mentioned in the context of ADHD?

Answer 39

Child Traumatic Stress

Question 40

What is the leading cause of death in adolescence?

Answer 40

Unintentional injury at 73%

Question 41

How many Canadian youths die in Motor vehicle accidents every week?

Answer 41

About 32

Question 42

What is the primary factor contributing to twice as many death rates for teenage males compared to teenage females?

Answer 42

Unintentional injury

Question 43

What is the main reason for death of adolescence in motor vehicle accidents?

Answer 43

Unintentional factors

Question 44

What does Health Canada Recommendations state?

Answer 44

That nutritional choices should be emphasized when building a healthy diet for teenagers

Question 45

What is a common factor that contributes to nutritional deficits in teenagers?

Answer 45

Irregular eating patterns

Question 46

What is a potential long term impact of unhealthy eating patterns in adolescence?

Answer 46

An increased risk of diabetes and heart disease

Question 47

What are the consequences of diets heavy in junk food during adolescence?

Answer 47

Overweight issues, chronic illnesses and premature death in adulthood

Question 48

What is the legal age for cannabis use in Canada?

Answer 48

18

Question 49

What is recommended by Dietitians of Canada to encourage heathy eating in teenagers?

Answer 49

Planning a nutritious lunch in advance

Question 50

What are key predictors of divorce according to Dr. John M. Gorman?

Answer 50

Flooding and negativity

Question 51

What can heavy alcohol consumption by one partner do?

Answer 51

Lead to a decline in marital satisfaction overtime

Question 52

What is a significant factor contributing to the increased proportion of single persons in Canada?

Answer 52

Economic status

Question 53

What does Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love suggest?

Answer 53

That romantic love always includes commitment

Question 54

What have dual-earner women with flexible work schedules been shown to experience less of compared to those with fixed schedules

Answer 54

Less stress

Question 55

What is a characteristic of crystallized intelligence?

Answer 55

It depends on accumulated information and experience

Question 56

What is a challenge faced by both men and women in middle adulthood?

Answer 56

A lessening of sexual desire

Question 57

What is a potential benefit of Hormone Replacement Therapy for women?

Answer 57

The reduction in hot flashes and night sweats

Question 58

What are intellectual activity and social engagement key factors in according to Schaie and colleagues?

Answer 58

Stemming cognitive decline in later adulthood

Question 59

What is a common challenge in information processing for older adults?

Answer 59

Difficulty keeping new information in working memory

Question 60

What is the primary cognitive factor associated with aging according to Lynn Hasher?

Answer 60

Increased distractability

Question 61

What did De Beni, Borella and Carretti find?

Answer 61

That older individuals tend to show a decline in reading comprehension due to a decline in working memory

Question 62

What does Ardelt’s definition of wisdom include?

Answer 62

Unselfish love for others and reduced fear of death

Question 63

What did Randy Pausch choose to focus on during his last lecture at Carnegie Mellon University?

Answer 63

Life lessons and experiences

Question 64

What was one of Randy Pausch’s key insights during his last lecture?

Answer 64

That lessons are learned through disappointment