Psychopathology Studies Flashcards
Behavioural Approach to Explaining Phobias-Watson and Rayner-Method
They gave Little Albert a white rat to play with. He shown no anxiety towards it. The experimenters set out to give him a phobia of the white rat. Whenever the rat has near they made a loud, frightening noise by banging an iron bar with a hammer close to Albert’s Ear. This frightened him
Behavioural Approach to Explaining Phobias-Watson and Rayner-Results
After a few times of that pairing, Albert had learnt to associate the noise and feeling scared with the rat. He had developed a phobia of it. The phobia was generalised to all similar things as well as the rat. For example, when Watson wore a Santa clause mask made of cotton balls, Albert displaced distressed as this
Systematic Desensitisation is Effective-Gilroy-Method
He followed up on 42 patients who had been treated for arachnophobia in three 45 minutes sessions of systematic desensitisation. Spider Phobia was assessed on the Spider Questionnaire and by assessing response to a spider. A control group was treated with relaxation but without exposure
Systematic Desensitisation is Effective-Gilroy-Results
At both 3 and 33 months, the Systematic Desensitisation group were less fearful than the relaxation group
Supports Becks Cognitive Theory-Grazioli and Terry-Method
They assessed 65 pregnant women for cognitive vulnerability and depression before and after birth
Supports Becks Cognitive Theory-Grazioli and Terry-Results
The women who were judged to have a high cognitive vulnerability were more likely to suffer from post natal depression
CBT is Effective-March-Method
He compared the effects of CBT with antidepressant drugs and a combination of the two in 327 adolescents diagnosed with depression
CBT is Effective-March-Results
After 36 weeks, 81% of the CBT group, 81% of the antidepressant group and 86% of the combination group were significantly improved
Supports Genetic Explanations-Nestadt-Method
He reviewed twin studies
Supports Genetic Explanations-Nestadt-Results
He found out that 68% of identical twins shared OCD, while only 31% of non identical twins shared OCD
Environmental Risk-Cromer-Results
He found out that over half of OCD patients in their sample had a traumatic event in the past, and that OCD was more severe in those with more than one trauma
Drug Therapy is Effective-Soomro-Method
He reviewed studies comparing SSRI’s to placebos in OCD treatment
Drug Therapy is Effective-Soomro-Results
All studies showed significantly better results for SSRI treatment
