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Psych 403 - Crim > Psychopathy > Flashcards

Psychopathy Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

what is the most studied forensic psych?

A

psychopathy

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2
Q

what is psychopathy?

A

construct that describes
an element of personality predisposing one to criminal and other antisocial behaviors
- largely guided by media
- highly criminal people have lower id

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3
Q

who are among the worst criminals?

A

psychpaths
- 10-15%

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4
Q

who is the construct applied to?

A

self-serving indiviausl

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5
Q

who are the successful psychopaths?

A

those that have the drive and determination to undergo rigors of ed and hardwork
-personality not the driving factor
- cluster b features

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6
Q

the diagnosis of attribute progressed from?

A

purely theoretical and attributional def to one base don observable behaviors
- now add reliability and validity

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7
Q

early thinking

A

no payoff for the behavior
not only criminal behavior - looks intact but aren’t

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8
Q

Pinel

A

mania sans delire
- condition in which oen demonstrates high levels of social irresponsibility despite intact intellectual fxn

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9
Q

Rush

A

hypothesize physiological basis for antisocial behavior as characteriszed bu description of a “congenital defect of moral derangement” - treatable by medicine

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10
Q

moral insanity

A

coined by Pritchard and survived until quite recently. He wrote: “The intellectual faculties appear to have
sustained little or no injury, while the disorder is manifested principally or alone in the state of the feelings, temper, or habits.”

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11
Q

Kraepelin

A

7 subtypes
-> excitable, unstable, eccentric, liar, swindler, antisocial, quarrelsome
- survive current conceptualization of psychopathy, not discreet

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12
Q

Kahn

A

14 types
- nervous, anxious…

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13
Q

semantic dementia

A

Underscored the apparent rift between words and deeds that figures prominently into the many
vignettes characterizing the behavior of psychopaths. This idea is well represented in the often quoted phrase, “They know the words but not the music”
- more objective
- say the right thing but behavior is opposite reaction
- dont have the domain of affective response and unable to empathize with others

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14
Q

what is the problem?

A

virtually impossible to generalize findings from one group to next

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15
Q

Mask of Sanity

A

provided diagnostic criteria used today
- rely heavily upon inference concerning presence or absence of essential characteristcs
= things normal person does not experience, things they should have but don’t

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16
Q

Cleckley’s big 16

A

behavioral indicators but make inferences of psych factors
- see whether construct exists or not

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17
Q

Big 16

A
  1. Superficial charm and good intelligence
  2. Absence of delusions and other signs of irrational thinking
  3. Absence of nervousness or psychoneurotic manifestations
  4. Unreliability
  5. Untruthfulness and insincerity
  6. Lack of remorse or shame
  7. Inadequately motivated antisocial behavior
  8. Poor judgement and failure to learn by experience
  9. Pathological egocentricity and incapacity for love
  10. General poverty in major affective reactions
  11. Specific loss of insight
  12. Unresponsiveness in general interpersonal relations
  13. Fantastic and uninviting behavior with drink, and sometimes without
  14. Suicide rarely carried out
  15. Sex life impersonal, trivial, and poorly integrated
  16. Failure to follow any life plan
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18
Q

what does DSM classify it as?

A

antisocial personality disorder

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19
Q

ASPD

Study These Flashcards
A

pervasive pattern of disregard for a violation of rights of others occurring since 15 and has 3 OR MORE
- in all aspects of their life

20
Q

what about DSM?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • rooted in behavioral descriptions and interrelated realiability
  • central badass tendency
21
Q

what are the 7 points for ASPD?

Study These Flashcards
A

(1)Failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors
(2) Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.
(3) Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead.
(4) Irritability and aggressiveness
5) Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
(6) Consistent irresponsibility,
(7) Lack of remorse

22
Q

how was the DSM diff?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • hybrid approach
  • 6 personality disorders
  • from cluster B (antisocial/psychopathic and borderline)
  • rated on 4 pt scale but total PD rated on 5 pt
23
Q

antisocial/psychpathic proposed criteria

Study These Flashcards
A

antagonism
- callousness
-aggression
- manipulativeness
- hostility
- deceitfulness
- narcissm

disinhibtion
- irresponsible
- reckless
- impulsve

0-3 (4pts)

24
Q

why is the change helpful

Study These Flashcards
A

Reduction in diagnostic overlap
Less arbitrary diagnostic threshold
Movement from a categorical to dimensional conceptualization - categorical
Recognition that symptom severity can fluctuate over time - how severe symptoms fluctuate, fxn of enviro or opport the person is exposed to

25
what is a precursor to ASPD?
conduct disorder - A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age appropriate societal norms or rules are violated, as manifested by the presence of three (or more) of the following criteria in the past 12 months, with at least one criterion present in the past 6 months -> aggression to people and animals -> destruction of property -> deceitful or theft -> serious violations of rules (rarely for someone over 18)
26
DSM-5 CHANGES TO CONDUCT DISORDER CRITERIA
Callous-Unemotional Presentation qualifier. Based on… 1.Lack of Remorse or Guilt 2.Callous-Lack of Empathy 3.Unconcerned about Performance 4.Shallow or Deficient Affect - more psychopathic, not just impulsive
27
Hare
advocated and standardized diagnostic scheme based on behavioral criteria and also operationalizes characteristics -> PCL-R
28
what is a good interrater reliability?
ranging from 0.42 to 0.86. Total score interrater reliabilities of 0.78 when single raters administer the PCL-R, and 0.87 when the averaged scores of two-rater teams are use
29
what is the correlation b/w PCL-R and ASPD?
0.48
30
correlation between PCL-R scores and number of ASPD criteria
0.72
31
% of subjects who met the PCL-R criteria for classification as psychopaths also met DSM-III-R criteria for ASPD
79.2
32
what % of ASPD definable as psychpaths?
30.2
33
what is the best studied experimentally?
psychopathy
34
Lykken found that psychopaths show?
deficient passive avoidance learning compared to control - intelligence not a factor - could not withhold a response
35
mental maze
threat of painful shock = engender anxiety, successful learning taks results in fewer shocks (neg reinforcement_ - number of shocks used as index of how effectively anxiety reduction would reinforce correct responding
36
why was Lykken consistent with Cleckley?
psychopaths do not develop emotional responses as readily as normals - L found psycho recevied more shocks bc no anxiety
37
Chesno and Kilmann
extraneous stimulation assists psychopaths in learning - Low anxious psychopaths made significantly more active errors (those resulting from pressing the button when numbers signalling shock were not presented) than the other groups in the 35 dB condition, but they made no more errors when the background noise was higher. - hypothesis: receiving shocks in low noise was beneficial to the low anxious psychopaths to increase level of central stimulation -> LIKE ADHD
38
Schmauk
Psychopaths performed more poorly only when punished by shock or verbal feedback. Not when financial punishments were used. - This is consistent with the hypothesis that electric shock may improve central arousal in psychopaths. - It also suggests that negative punishment (i.e., taking away something they like) is more effective with psychopaths than positive punishment (i.e., delivering something nasty).
39
Siegel
Prediction: Response suppression would be poorest among psychopaths when probability of punishment was most uncertain. - psychopaths' responses were significantly less suppressed than those of controls - most of the between-group difference originated in the fifth to ninth (40% to 80% punishment) decks. - I.e., responding was comparable when the probability of punishment was very low or very high. They differed mainly in the middle probability range. - Psychopaths could estimate prior payoff rates about as accurately as controls. -> Failure to suppress was not explainable on the basis of deficient appreciation of the risks. -> Difference not present when forced to delay responding
40
what are P300s best recorded for?
parietal area - reflect changes in attention and underlying cortical activity that corresponds to decision making
41
visual oddball task
- attend and react differentially to common and low probability - tedious and long and hard to concentrate - smaller common P300 among pscyhopaths comapred to non - less lateralized psychopaths but not diff in P300 to common stimuli -? trouble allocating or reallocating attention and sustaining - ADHD
42
Gorenstein
similar for FL injured patients - psychpaths suffer FL impairment - diff on number of neurpsygoloical tests between 2 - cant assume disinhibition bc diff defintions of psychopahty = diff findings
43
psychopaths ___ likely to show punishment effect when monetaru penalities than when aversive stimilui applied
more - punishment in form of response suppression as long as competing reinforcement contingencies not in place
44
do they integrate info?
done poorly unless forced to delay responding for even brief period
45
can they be differentiated from controls on tests of intellectual ability or neuropsych impairment
no - only some diff in cognitive processes
46
PCL-R
20 item - 0-2 - 30 cut-off for research purpose - Hare: polythetic approach - Factor analysis: interpersonal/affective and antisocial behavior, item pro-rated when info absent, interview and file review contribute info
47
4 facets in PCL-R
interpersonal affective lifestyle antisocial

Psych 403 - Crim (12 decks)

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