Psychosis and Schizophrenia Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is psychosis?
Collection of symptoms that affect the mind where there has been some loss of contact with reality
What are positive symptoms of psychosis?
Additional disturbances including:
* Hallucinations
* Delusions
* Disordered thought (speech)
* Disordered/abnormal motor behaviour
What are negative symptoms of psychosis?
Diminished functioning including:
* Affective Flattening
* Anhedonia
* Alogia (Speech Poverty)
* Avolition (Loss of drive)
* Social Withdrawal
Define hallucinations in the context of psychosis.
A perception-like experience with the clarity and impact of true perception but without the external stimulation of relevant sensory organ
What are the two proposed causes of hallucinations?
- Metacognition issues
- Alterations in perception pathways
Define delusions.
False belief based in incorrect inference about external reality that is firmly held despite evidence to the contrary
What are the two types of delusions?
- Bizarre
- Non-bizarre
List the types of delusions.
- Persecutory/paranoid
- Referential
- Grandiose
- Somatic
- Religious
- Alienation
- Broadcasting
- External
- Misidentification
What is schizophrenia?
Umbrella term for complex syndrome characterized by a broad spectrum of cognitive, perceptual, behavioral, language, and emotional dysfunction
What are the criteria A symptoms for schizophrenia?
Two or more of the following for a significant proportion of time during 1 month:
* Delusions
* Hallucinations
* Disorganized speech
* Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
* Negative symptoms
What is the duration requirement for schizophrenia as per Criterion C?
6+ months
What must be ruled out according to Criterion D for schizophrenia?
Schizoaffective disorder and depressive or bipolar disorder with psychotic features
What does Criterion E state regarding the attribution of schizophrenia?
Not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition
What is required for an additional diagnosis of schizophrenia if there is a history of autism spectrum disorder?
Prominent delusions or hallucinations must be present for at least 1 month
List the specifiers for schizophrenia.
- First episode
- Multiple episodes
- Continuous
- Unspecified
- Catatonia
- Severity rating
What are the five phases of schizophrenia?
- Premorbid
- Prodromal
- Acute
- Early recovery
- Late recovery
What factors indicate a good prognosis for schizophrenia?
- Late onset
- Acute onset
- Good premorbid functioning
- Female gender
- Brief active phase
- Good inter-episode functioning
- Minimal residual symptoms
What factors indicate a poor prognosis for schizophrenia?
- Early onset
- Insidious onset
- Poor premorbid functioning
- Withdrawn behavior
- Poor support systems
- Perinatal trauma
- Structural brain abnormalities
- Family history
- Residual symptoms
- Lacks insight
Define schizoid personality disorder.
Introverted and voluntary withdrawal from social interaction
What characterizes schizotypal personality disorder?
Schizoid traits plus magical thinking and odd behavior
What is the relationship between schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder?
Schizoaffective disorder is schizophrenia combined with a mood disorder
What is the duration for brief psychotic disorder?
1 day to 1 month
What is the duration for schizophreniform disorder?
1 to 6 months
What are the biological aetiologies of schizophrenia?
- Altered brain structure
- Dopamine hypothesis
- Diathesis stress model
- Childhood adversity
- Cannabis use
