Psycological Problems Flashcards

Question

AO3 Kai twin study

Answer 1

Supporting evidence Kendler used a similar method but a much larger scale (2000 tiwns) Found that if one co twin was alcoholic there twin was most likely to be to Add to validity Methodology was flawed Temperance boards only register people who have made a public display of being drunk and committed a crime Not a valid study of alcohol addition Just cuz they committed crim while drunk doesn’t mean they are an addict Reduces effects need of the research

Answer 2

Based on psychological explanation so can be unlearned Uses classical conditioning (learning by association) means substance is paired with an unpleasant stimulus such as an emetic dug which makes the addict vomit After Repeated parings the addicts learn to associate alcohol with vommiting so they become averse to it By the end alcohol has become a conditioned stimulus

Answer 3

combines successfully with CBT. T aversion therapy treats the 'action' (e.g., of smoking) by associating it with something unpleasant, but CBT tackles the underlying disruptive thoughts and cravings that are part of addiction. shows practical usefulness for aversion therapy when used as part of a holistic approach to treatment. benefits are only short term. studies have shown that it works for gambling for one month, behaviour and cravings have come back after one year (when the person is no longer practicing aversion therapy). In a long term follow up 9 years later, no more effective than a placebo drug. aversion therapy has limited overall effectiveness on its own so other therapies are needed.

Answer 4

12 step recovery programme Self help groups

Answer 5

The 1st step in the 12-step recovery programme is admitting the addict is powerless over the addiction and putting their faith in the higher power. 'higher power' can be any spiritual form, it's not bespoke for only one religion or belief - it's simply about believing there is something greater than the addict. Recovery is seen as a lifelong process, so the members can call each other for support. For example, if they feel like they want to drink alcohol. There are other self-help groups that don't have 12 steps or surrendering to a 'higher power'. These might focus of internal control and self-empowerment instead. Holistic Looks at the bigger picture No clear evidence to support them

Answer 6

Depression: 2.6 in 100 people Anxiety: 4.7 in 100 people Eating disorders: 1.6 in 100 people

Answer 7

Focus is on nature. Imbalance in neurotransmitters Messages travel along a neuron electrically but the message is transmitted chemically across the synapse by neurotransmitters. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter which has been linked to several behaviours including depression. High levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft means the postsynaptic neuron is stimulated, improving mood. Low levels at the synapse means less stimulation of the postsynaptic neuron, resulting in a low mood. Other effects of serotonin Serotonin also affects memory, sleep and appetite. These are linked to the characteristics of depression, e.g. lack of concentration, disturbed sleep and reduced appetite. Genes may cause low serotonin levels where someone inherits a poor ability to produce serotonin.

Answer 8

Effectively copping with challenges Being able to make decisions Being able to deal with disappointments and problems Having good relationships Positive engagement with society They will experience a healthy amount of tress but it wont prevent them from functioning normally

Answer 9

Unable to cope with stressful ituations Avoiding themselves from social situations Unable to function adequately The stress and anxiety they experience is an. Unhealthy amount and will prevent them from functioning normally

Answer 10

Different cultures have different views of what is normal or abnormal due to cultural norms and values Behaviour could be judged as a mental illness in one culture but not another Heading voices western culture abnormal Hearing voices African culture positive religious experience

Answer 11

Mental health problems only found in certain culture eg. Eating disorders predominantly in weastern not Eastern

Answer 12

Increased challenges of modern day living : More people I’ve on their own (increase isolation which ends to persistent low mood) Increased recognition of mental health problems: More widely spoken about (people have a better understanding and seek treatment from a doctor which increases recording) Less social stigma: More people talk about and are aware (more people seek help instead of feeling embarrassed)

Answer 13

Deep sadness that last for a considerable time and inhibits normal functioning

Answer 14

Persisting even though it is harmful Difficulty in controlling use Giving the substance a higher priority Tolerance With drake symtipms Strong desire Need to show 3 or more at the same time within the previous year

Answer 15

Can be learned from peers Developing addiction depends on the environment we gro in in and the social norms of our peer group One we learn is social learning theory, if we observer something we might be motivated imitate their behaviour because we identify with them or we may be rewarded with respect It’s stronger in adolescence and people may feel pressured to conform

Answer 16

Supporting research Researchers viewed 40 studies that have investigated the relastionship between peers and smoking 30/40 showed a positive association between the two factors Peers and envioremtn may be a risk factor Can’t be sure it’s cuz of peer influence People who are already becoming addicted actively see out peers who are similar to them instead of their behaviour being a result of conforming Questions the validity between the link

Psycological Problems Flashcards

(41 cards)