Pt3

Question 1

Define natural selection.

Answer 1

Natural selection is the process through which species adapt to their environment, leading to the survival of individuals best suited to their surroundings.

Question 2

What are the 4 parts to Darwin’s theory of natural selection?

Answer 2

1. Variation 2. Inheritance 3. High rate of population growth 4. Differential survival and reproduction.

Question 3

What are the 6 evidences for evolution?

Answer 3

1. Fossil records 2. Comparative anatomy 3. Molecular biology 4. Biogeography 5. Embryology 6. Direct observation.

Question 4

What are the Mechanisms of evolution?

Answer 4

1. Natural selection 2. Mutation 3. Gene flow 4. Genetic drift.

Question 5

How do we date fossils?

Answer 5

Fossils are dated using methods such as radiometric dating and stratigraphy.

Question 6

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 6

Any organism that lacks a distinct nucleus and organelles.

Question 7

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 7

Contains a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Question 8

What makes the plant cell unique? LIST ALL THINGS.

Answer 8

1. Cell wall 2. Large vacuole 3. Chloroplasts.

Question 9

What makes an animal cell unique? LIST ALL THINGS.

Answer 9

1. Centrioles 2. Lysosomes.

Question 10

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 10

Responsible for protein synthesis.

Question 11

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 11

Powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP.

Question 12

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

Produces lipids and detoxifies certain chemicals.

Question 13

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 13

Produces proteins for export or for use in the cell.

Question 14

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 14

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion.

Question 15

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 15

Breaks down excess or worn-out cell parts.

Question 16

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 16

Acts as a selective barrier, controlling movement in and out of the cell.

Question 17

What is the function of vacuoles?

Answer 17

Storage compartment for various substances.

Question 18

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 18

Capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy.

Question 19

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 19

Organize microtubules and form spindle fibers during cell division.

Question 20

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 20

Provides structural support, shape, and protection.

Question 21

What is the function of cilia?

Answer 21

Move fluids or particles across the cell surface.

Question 22

What is the function of flagella?

Answer 22

Provides locomotion for the cell.

Question 23

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 23

Produces and assembles ribosomes.

Question 24

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 24

Maintains a cell’s shape, provides support, and facilitates movement.

Question 25

What is chromatin?

Answer 25

Structure of DNA, a less condensed form of chromosomes.

Question 26

What are centrioles?

Answer 26

Help organize cell division.

Question 27

What are sister chromatids?

Answer 27

Identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere.

Question 28

What is the cell cycle?

Answer 28

The series of phases that a cell goes through in order to divide and replicate.

Question 29

What are centromeres?

Answer 29

The region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids are joined.

Question 30

What are chromosomes?

Answer 30

Structures made of DNA that contain genetic information.

Question 31

What is mitosis?

Answer 31

The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.

Question 32

What is meiosis?

Answer 32

The process of cell division that results in four non-identical daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes.

Question 33

What is cancer?

Answer 33

A disease characterized by uncontrolled cell division.

Question 34

What are spindle fibers?

Answer 34

Structures that help separate chromosomes during cell division.

Question 35

What is a gene?

Answer 35

A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a protein.

Question 36

What does diploid mean?

Answer 36

A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.