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Flashcards in Public health and health promotion Deck (17)
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1
Q

What is health - WHO?

A

A resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasising social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities

2
Q

What is public health?

A

Science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organised efforts of society

3
Q

What are some determinants of health?

A

Life expectancy, socioeconomic status, age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption

4
Q

What is health promotion?

A

Process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health

5
Q

What does health promotion involve?

A

Clinical interventions, knowledge transfer and health literacy, healthy public policy (enabling equal opportunities for health and well being- tannahill model), community development

6
Q

What are the different levels of prevention?

A

Primordial, primary, secondary, tertiary

7
Q

What is primordial prevention?

A

Prevention of factors promoting the emergence of lifestyles, behaviours, exposure patterns

8
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Actions to prevent onset of disease- health education, prescriptive diets and vaccination

9
Q

What is secondary prevention?

A

Halting progression of illness once it is established- early detection and then prompt effective treatment

10
Q

What is tertiary prevention?

A

Rehab of people w/ established disease to minimise residual disability and complications

11
Q

What are 2 approaches to disease prevention

A

High risk- identifying those in special need, controlling exposure, providing protection, screening among minority groups for specific disorders

Population approach- Begins with recognition of occurrence of common diseases and exposures reflect the behaviour of societies as a whole

12
Q

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the high risk approach?

A

Strengths- effective (high motivation of individual and physician), efficient, risk ratio is favourable, appropriate to individual, easy to evaluate

Weakness- palliative and temporary, risk prediction is not accurate, difficulty and costs of screening, hard to change individual behaviours

13
Q

What are the strength and weaknesses of the population approach?

A

Strengths- equitable (attributable risk may be high where risk is low if a lot of people are exposed to that low risk), radical, large potential for population, behaviourally appropriate

Weaknesses- small advantages to individual, poor motivation of subject and physician, risk ratio can be questioned

14
Q

What is an example of a population approach?

A

Educating students on risks associated with drinking alcohol

15
Q

What did the wanless report say?

A

Focus on prevention and wider determinants of health. Cost-effectivesness of actions to improve health and reduce inequalities

16
Q

Give an example of health promotion in UK

A

National Alcohol strategy- end sales on cheapest alcohol, strengthen ban in irresponsible promotion in pubs and clubs, reduce availability of high strength products and promote alcohol display responsibly

17
Q

Marmot review- 6 policy obejctives

A

Give every child best start in life, enable all children/ young people to maximise control over their lives, create fair employment and good work for all, ensure healthy standard of lving for all, create and develop healthy and sustainable places and communities, strengthen role and impact of prevention strategies