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pul/ana Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the brand names of Albuterol?

A

ProAir, Proventil, Ventolin

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2
Q

What class of drug is Albuterol in?

A

Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs)

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3
Q

What is the brand name of Levalbuterol?

A

Xopenex HFA

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4
Q

What class of drug is Levalbuterol in?

A

Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs)

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5
Q

What are the indications for Albuterol?

A

Acute symptom relief in asthma and COPD, prevention of exercise-induced asthma (RESCUE MED)

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Albuterol?

A

Stimulates beta-2 receptors in the airways, causes bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

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7
Q

What are the major contraindications for Albuterol?

A

Hypersensitivity to the
drug or a similar product

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8
Q

What are the black box warnings for Albuterol?

A

None

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9
Q

What are the common adverse drug reactions for Albuterol?

A

Tremor, Nervousness/Excitement, Tachycardia, Pharyngitis, Rhinitis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

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10
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse drug reactions for Albuterol?

A

Bronchospasm, Pulmonary Edema, Atrial Fibrillation

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11
Q

What are the key counseling points for Albuterol?

A

If metered dose inhaler, shake well and prime if needed. Follow-up with prescriber if frequent use is required.

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12
Q

What are the brand names of Tiotropium?

A

Spiriva Respimat, Spiriva Handihaler

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13
Q

What class of drug is Tiotropium in?

A

Long-Acting Antimuscarinic Antagonists
(LAMAs)

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14
Q

What are the indications for Tiotropium?

A

Maintenance medication for COPD
and asthma

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tiotropium?

A

Inhibition of M3-receptors at the bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation

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16
Q

What are the major contraindications for Tiotropium?

A

Hypersensitivity to the drug or a similar product, Hypersensitivity to milk protein (for Spiriva Handihaler ONLY - capsule contains lactose)

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17
Q

What are the black box warnings for Tiotropium?

A

None

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18
Q

What are the common adverse drug reactions for Tiotropium?

A

Extension of Anticholinergic Effects: Xerostomia (Dry mouth), Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Pharyngitis

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19
Q

What are the rare but serious adverse drug reactions for Tiotropium?

A

Worsening of Bronchospasm, Bowel Obstruction

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20
Q

What are the key counseling points for Tiotropium?

A

Do not use for quick relief of symptoms.
For Handihaler, capsules are to be punctured and contents inhaled using the device. DO NOT SWALLOW

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21
Q

What are the brand names of Fluticasone?

A

Flovent Diskus, Flovent HFA,
Arnuity Ellipta

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22
Q

What class of drug is Fluticasone in?

A

Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS)

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23
Q

What is the brand name of Budesonide?

A

Pulmicort

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24
Q

What class of drug is Budesonide in?

A

Inhaled Corticosteroid

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25
What are the indications for Fluticasone?
Asthma (maintenance)
26
What is the mechanism of action of Fluticasone?
Reduction and prevention of airway inflammation
27
What are the major contraindications for Fluticasone?
Hypersensitivity to the drug or a similar product, Hypersensitivity to milk protein (for dry powder inhalers ONLY), Do not use for acute flares of asthma or status asthmaticus
28
What are the black box warnings for Fluticasone?
None
29
What are the common adverse drug reactions for Fluticasone?
Pharyngeal Candidiasis (oral thrush), Hoarseness
30
What are the rare but serious adverse drug reactions for Fluticasone?
Pneumonia, Glaucoma, Cataracts (less likely with proper administration), Secondary Hypocortisolism, Osteoporosis (less likely due to minimal systemic absorption)
31
What are the key counseling points for Fluticasone?
Not for quick relief of symptoms, Rinse mouth after use -> reduce risk of oral thrush
32
What are the brand names of Fluticasone/Salmeterol?
Advair Diskus, Advair HFA, AirDuo, Wixela
33
What drug classes is the Fluticasone/Salmeterol Inhaler in?
Inhaled Corticosteroid, Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABA)
34
What is the brand name of Budesonide/Formoterol?
Symbicort
35
What drug classes is the Budesonide/Formoterol Inhaler in?
Inhaled Corticosteroid, Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABA)
36
What are the indications for Fluticasone/Salmeterol?
Asthma and COPD (maintenance)
37
What is the mechanism of action of Fluticasone/Salmeterol?
ICS: Anti-inflammatory; LABA: Bronchodilation
38
What are the major contraindications for Fluticasone/Salmeterol?
Hypersensitivity to the drug or a similar product Hypersensitivity to milk protein (for dry powder inhalers ONLY) Do not use for acute flares of asthma or status asthmaticus Posaconazole co-administration can lead to increased steroid concentrations, leading to more systemic adverse drug reactions
39
What are the black box warnings for Fluticasone/Salmeterol?
None
40
What are the common adverse drug reactions for Fluticasone/Salmeterol?
Headache, Pharyngeal Candidiasis (oral thrush), Hoarseness, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
41
What are the rare but serious adverse drug reactions for Fluticasone/Salmeterol?
Atrial Fibrillation, Myocardial Infarction (MI), Osteoporosis, Bronchospasm
42
What are the key counseling points for Fluticasone/Salmeterol?
Not for quick relief of symptoms (except Symbicort), Rinse mouth after use -> reduce risk of oral thrush
43
What is the brand name of Ipratropium/Albuterol?
Combivent Respimat
44
What drug classes is the Ipratropium/Albuterol Inhaler in?
Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists, Short-Acting Beta Agonists
45
What are the indications for Ipratropium/Albuterol?
COPD (quick relief)
46
What is the mechanism of action of Ipratropium/Albuterol?
Stimulate Beta-2 receptors leading to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and eventually bronchodilation.
47
What are the major contraindications for Ipratropium/Albuterol?
Hypersensitivity to the drug or a similar product Hypersensitivity atropine or its derivatives Soy/peanut allergy was a Cl for the OLD version of these inhalers. No longer a warning.
48
What are the black box warnings for Ipratropium/Albuterol?
None
49
What are the common adverse drug reactions for Ipratropium/Albuterol?
Bronchitis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Headache, Nervousness, Tremor, Insomnia
50
What are the rare but serious adverse drug reactions for Ipratropium/Albuterol?
Pneumonia, Angle Closure Glaucoma, Worsening Bronchospasm
51
What are the key counseling points for Ipratropium/Albuterol?
For quick relief of symptoms
52
What is the brand name of Montelukast (tablet)?
Singular
53
What class of drug is Montelukast in?
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
54
What are the indications for Montelukast?
Asthma (maintenance), exercise induced bronchospasm, allergic rhinitis
55
What is the mechanism of action of Montelukast?
Binds leukotriene receptors to inhibit their effect, results in bronchodilation
56
What are the major contraindications for Montelukast?
Hypersensitivity to the drug or a similar product
57
What are the black box warnings for Montelukast?
Behavior and mood effects (including suicide and suicidal thoughts)
58
What are the common adverse drug reactions for Montelukast?
Dizziness, Headache, Fatigue (generally well-tolerated)
59
What are the rare but serious adverse drug reactions for Montelukast?
Aggressive or Altered Behavior, Suicidal Thoughts Cholestatic Hepatitis, Allergic Granulomatous Angiitis
60
What are the key counseling points for Montelukast?
Not for quick relief of symptoms, Usually given in the evening (bedtime)
61
What are the brand names of Epinephrine (injectable)?
EpiPen, EpiPen Jr.
62
What class of drug is Epinephrine in?
Anaphylaxis Agent
63
What are the indications for Epinephrine?
Emergency treatment of acute anaphylaxis due to allergic reaction
64
What is the mechanism of action of Epinephrine?
Epinephrine binds to adrenergic Alpha, Beta-1, and Beta-2 receptors. Alpha receptor increases blood pressure through vasoconstriction. Beta-1 receptor increases cardiac output through cardiac stimulation. Beta-2 receptor improves breathing through bronchodilation.
65
What are the major contraindications for Epinephrine?
None in emergency situations
66
What are the black box warnings for Epinephrine?
None
67
What are the common adverse drug reactions for Epinephrine?
Anxiety, Apprehension, Headache, Nausea, Palpitations, Pale Complexion, Restlessness, Sweating, Tremor
68
What are the rare but serious adverse drug reactions for Eprinephrine?
Angina, Cardiac Dysrhythmia, Pulmonary Edema, Ventricular Fibrillation
69
What are the key counseling points for Epinephrine?
Instruct patient on proper administration of autoinjector (intramuscular injection) Immediately seek emergency care after administration, even if feeling better after use
70
In the case of Bronchoconstriction what type of drugs do we use?
Bronchodilators
71
Examples of Bronchodilators include
Beta-2 agonists, Muscarinic antagonists, Leukotriene receptor antagonists
72
Beta-2 agonists can be broken up into what two groups?
Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABA), Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABA)
73
Muscarinic antagonists can be broken up into what two groups?
Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMA), Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMA)
74
In the case of Airway Inflammation what type of drugs do we use?
Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
75
An example of Anti-Inflammatory drugs include
Inhaled corticosteroids
76
Why inhale medications?
Direct delivery of medication to site of action in the lungs. Faster onset of bronchodilation vs oral/parenteral therapy. Less systemic absorption -> fewer systemic side effects
77
What is the mechanism of action of Beta-2 Agonists?
Beta-2 agonists stimulate beta-2 receptors which results in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and lastly bronchodilation.
78
What is the mechanism of action of Muscarinic Antagonists?
M3 receptors are blocked resulting in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and lastly bronchodilation.
79
What is the mechanism of action of Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRA)?
Binds leukotriene receptors to inhibit their effect, results in bronchodilation.
80
What is the mechanism of action of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)?
Reduce inflammation leading to reduced airway obstruction.
81
What is the purpose of a rescue inhaler?
Immediate relief during a flare. Use immediately before exercise to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm.
82
What classes of inhalers are rescue inhalers?
Short-Acting Beta Agonists (SABA), Short-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (SAMA)
83
What is the purpose of a maintenance inhaler?
Prevention of future flares
84
What classes of inhalers are maintenance inhalers?
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS), Long-Acting Beta Agonists (LABA), Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMA), Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists (LTRA)
85
Is the Budesonide/Formoterol Inhaler used for rescue or maintenance?
Both, rescue and maintenance
86
Is the Fluticasone/Salmeterol Inhaler used for rescue or maintenance?
Maintenance
87
Is the Ipratropium/Albuterol Inhaler used for rescue or maintenance?
Rescue
88
Why can the combination inhaler with Formoterol also be used as a rescue inhaler?
Formoterol has a rapid onset of bronchodilation (similar to albuterol) so this product has been recommended as a rescue inhaler in recent years.

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