Pulm

Question 1

What is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

Answer 1

Strep pneumoniae

Question 2

What antibiotic is appropriate for outpatient treatment of community acquired pneumonia?

Answer 2

Macrolide (not erythromycin) or doxycycline

Question 3

Who is the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine recommended for?

Answer 3

Young / old, sick, sickle cell (functional asplenia), smokers, liver disease, asplenics

Question 4

What are two buzzwords that go with Mycoplasma Pneumoniae?

Answer 4

Bullous myringitis and cold agglutinins

Question 5

What are two buzzwords with Pneumocystis Jiroveci?

Answer 5

elevated LDH and hyper-hypoxia

Question 6

What is a buzzword for pneumococcal pneumonia (strep pneumonia)?

Answer 6

rust-colored sputum

Question 7

Buzzwords for Kelbsiella pneumonia?

Answer 7

ETOH abuse and currant jelly sputum

Question 8

Most likely bug that causes pneumonia in an ETOH abuser?

Answer 8

Klebsiella

Question 9

Most likely bug that causes pneumonia in COPD patient?

Answer 9

Haemophilus

Question 10

Most likely bug with causes pneumonia in a cystic fibrosis patient?

Answer 10

Pseudomonas

Question 11

Bug most likely to cause pneumonia in young adults?

Answer 11

Mycoplasma / Chlamydia

Question 12

Bug most likely to cause pneumonia with exposure to aerosolized water?

Answer 12

Legionella

Question 13

Bug most likely to cause pneumonia in children <1yr old?

Answer 13

RSV

Question 14

Bug most likely to cause pneumonia in children <2yrs old?

Answer 14

Parainfluenza

Question 15

What is the most common hospital acquired infection?

Answer 15

UTI

Question 16

Most likely pathogen for ICU-acquired pneumonia?

Answer 16

Pseudomonas

Question 17

What is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with HIV?

Answer 17

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Question 18

What are the classic symptoms of TB?

Answer 18

fever, night sweats, weight loss

Question 19

What are Ghon complexes (that represent healed infections)?

Answer 19

calcified primary focus in the lungs

Question 20

What is the historical landmark of TB?

Answer 20

caseating granuloma (aka necrotizing granuloma)

Question 21

What are the side effects of INH?

Answer 21

B6 deficiency, hepatitis, neuropathy

Question 22

Side effects of rifampin?

Answer 22

orange skin discoloration and hepatitis

Question 23

What is NOT predictive of bacterial bronchitis?

Answer 23

sputum color

Question 24

What is leading cause of cancer death?

Answer 24

bronchogenic carcinoma

Question 25

What radiographic finding is diagnostic for epiglottitis?

Answer 25

thumbprint sign

Question 26

What radiographic finding is diagnostic for croup?

Answer 26

steeple sign

Question 27

What is the most common cause of bronchogenic cancer?

Answer 27

adenocarcinoma

Question 28

What is the treatment of choice for non-small cell cancer?

Answer 28

surgery

Question 29

Three components of asthma?

Answer 29

airflow obstruction, hyper-reactivity and inflammation

Question 30

What change in FEV1 after bronchodilation is supportive of the diagnosis of asthma?

Answer 30

10%

Question 31

Most effective anti-inflammatory for chronic asthma?

Answer 31

inhaled steroids

Question 32

Most contributing cause of COPD?

Answer 32

smoking

Question 33

What deficiency leads to COPD?

Answer 33

alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Question 34

What is the single most important intervention to help COPD?

Answer 34

stopping smoking

Question 35

What is superior to beta-agonists in achieving bronchodilation?

Answer 35

anticholinergics (ipratropium or tiotropium)

Question 36

What therapy is the only therapy that can alter the course of COPD?

Answer 36

supplemental oxygen

Question 37

What are the main symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 37

``` cough excessive sputum sinusitis steatorrhea abdominal pain ```

Question 38

What is the gold standard for identifying a pleural effusion?

Answer 38

thoracentesis

Question 39

Most common irritants used for pleurodesis?

Answer 39

doxycycline and talc

Question 40

What type of radiology reveals pneumothorax?

Answer 40

expiratory CXR

Question 41

What are risk factors for DVT / PE?

Answer 41

Virchow's Triad: - endothelial damage - hypercoagulable state - venous stasis

Question 42

Most common hypercoagulable states?

Answer 42

- high estrogen - cancer - genetics

Question 43

Inital method for diagnosis of PE?

Answer 43

spiral CT

Question 44

When is a negative D-dimer helpful in ruling out PE?

Answer 44

with low pre-test probability

Question 45

What is the definitive test for PE?

Answer 45

Pulmonary Angiogram

Question 46

What physical findings are suggestive of Pulmonary HTN?

Answer 46

- systolic ejection click | - splitting / accentuation of S2

Question 47

What causes pneumoconiosis?

Answer 47

- coal dust - silicate - other inert dusts

Question 48

What is used to relieve chronic alveolitis in silicosis?

Answer 48

Steroids

Question 49

What CXR findings are seen in asbestosis?

Answer 49

pleural-based plaques

Question 50

What is the number one complication of asbestosis?

Answer 50

mesothelioma

Question 51

What disease is a multiorgan disease of idiopathic cause characterized by non-caseating granulomatous inflammation in affected organs?

Answer 51

sarcoidosis

Question 52

What is the main presentation of an aspirated foreign body?

Answer 52

choking, coughing or unexplained wheezing or hemoptysis

Question 53

What is the most common cause of respiratory disease in a pre-term infant?

Answer 53

hyaline membrane disease

Question 54

What can be used as a prophylaxis or rescue in a patient with established hyaline membrane disease?

Answer 54

exogenous surfactant