Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

IM > pulm > Flashcards

pulm Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of lung cancers

A

small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcimoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

two lungs cancers associated with smoking

A

small cell and squamous cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

two centrally located lung cancers

A

small cell and squamous cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

two lung cancers with paraneoplastic syndromes

A

small cell and sqaumous cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do small cell and squamous cell lung cancer have in common?

A

smoking, centrally located, and paraneoplastic syndromes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

small cell paraneoplastic syndrome

A

ACTH (cushing syndrome) and ADH (SIADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cancer with PTH-rp paraneoplastic syndrome

A

squamous cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which cancer do you typically treat with resection?

A

adenocarcinoma, other two = chemo and radiation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what causes transudative pleural effusion

A

fluid leaking out of capillaries - CHF, nephrosis, cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

do oncotic and hydrostatic pressures lead to transudative pleural effusions?

A

yep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

causes of exudative pleural effusions

A

malignancy, pneumonia, TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what to do for pleural effusion in pt with CHF

A

diuresis - if fails, thoracentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lights criteria

A

tells you if transudative pleural effusive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

*** Lights criteria to be Transudative (T for Tiny, values must be LESS than in order to be Transudative)

A

LDH <200
LDH eff/serum <0.6
Protein eff/serou <0.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

*** white cells + lymphocytes in effusion

A

TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do you tap in pt who has CHF, effusion < 1cm or effusion is loculated?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

*** what to do with effusion that has septations, lobes, is loculated

A

thoracostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

RISK OF COAGULATION - venous stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulable state (OCP, Factor V Leiden, malignancy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

*** OCP, Factor V leiden, malignancy = examples of

A

hypercoagulable state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

> 2cm diameter between calves

A

suspect DVT = anti-coagulate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

can a PE lead to pHTN?

A

YES, which would result in R heart strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

is pulmonary artery wedge pressure reflective of left atrial pressure?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

*** if PAWP is elevated, what can be cause?

A

something with left heart - left ventricular failure, MR, AR, MS, AS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

*** PAWP > ? suggests HF

A

> 18 = CHF; when > 20 would expect to see resultant pulmonary edeuma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
*** ABG of PE
hypoxemia, hypochloremia, met alkalosis
26
do you get a d-dimer when pre-test probability is high?
NO
27
definitive diagnosis of PE
CT scan with IV contrast, VQ scan
28
is VQ scan safe for bad kidneys?
YES, no contrast used
29
gold standard for PE diagnosis BUT is invasive, requires contrast
pulmonary angiogram
30
pt comes in with SOB, found to have discrepancy of calf diameter > 2cm - how to dx and tx?
with high clinical suspicion for PE, start anticoagulation; can firmly dx with CTA or VQ scan
31
how long to bridge warfarin for PE anticoagulation?
5 days or once INR is 2-3
32
types of anticoagulation for PE
Warfarin with heparin bridge OR NOAC
33
*** 4 progressive steps of COPD treatment?
SABA (albuterol) LAMA (tiotropium, ipratropium) LABA (salmeterol) ICS (prednisone, methylprednisolone)
34
when O2 for COPD
sat < 88% or PaO2 < 55
35
goal O2 for COPD?
92-95
36
vaccines for COPD
Flu and pneumovac
37
COPD pt comes in with worsened SOB and increased sputum - what to do?
Abx treatment (macrolides), bronchodilators (ipratropium and albuterol) and steroids (PO prednisone or IV methylprednisolone)
38
if COPD pt is on salmeterol, what else are they likely on?
SABA (albuterol), LAMA (ipra/tio tropium)
39
*** eggshelll calcifications
silicosis, must get yearly Tb screens
40
what does silicosis predispose you to?
TB, get yearly ppd
41
reticulonodular process in lower lobes with pleural plaques
asbestosis
42
*** patchy lower lobe infiltrates
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
43
erythema nodosum, hilar LAD
sarcoidosis
44
why hypercalcemia in sarcoid?
macrophages make vitamin D
45
why optho referral in sarcoid?
uveitis
46
*** how dx and treat sarcoid?
dx with biopsy and tx with steroids
47
hypertrophic osteroarthropathy
acute new clubbing of fingers in patient with COPD, suspect malignancy and get CXR
48
*** role of FEV1 in COPD
prognostic indicator
49
adenocarcinoma metastasis
liver, bone, brain, adrenal glands
50
*** low PO4 and high Ca in pt with lung cancer
squamous cell carcinoma with parathyroid hormone paraneoplastic syndrome
51
shoulder pain, ptosis, constricted pupil and facial edema
superior sulcus syndrome from small cell carcinoma
52
sx from IgE mediated disease
urticaria, pruritus, angioedema, anaphylaxis
53
why SIADH in HIV?
pulmonary pathology like PCP, leads to hyponatremia
54
*** how to improve oxygenation with ventilator settings?
increase FiO2 or PEEP
55
role of PEEP
prevents alveolar collapse and may reopen already collapsed alveoli; life-saving in ARDS
56
what is the risk of prolonged high FiO2
oxygen toxicity with formation of free radicals
57
what do you expect of RR and blood gas acid status in asthma exacerbation
hyperventilation with hypocarbia since blowing off
58
1st step of asthma tx
SABA
59
2nd step of asthma tx
low dose ICS
60
3rd step of asthma tx
medium-dose ICS
61
4th step of asthma tx
medium-dose ICS + LABA
62
5th step of asthma tx
high-dose ICS + LABA
63
when do you add oral corticosteroids to asthma tx?
Step 6 (high-dose ICS + LABA + oral corticosteroids)
64
SABA a couple times a week and nighttime awakenings a couple times a month
step 1 - SABA prn
65
SABA 3 times a week and 3-4 nightly awakenings per month
step 2 - SABA + low-dose ICS
66
SABA daily and night awakenings weekly
step 3 - SABA + medium-dose ICS
67
SABA multiple times a day and night awakenings most nights during a week
step 4 or 5 - SABA + medium/high-dose ICS + LABA
68
*** must you be on a ICS before you start a LABA with asthma tx?
YES
69
tachypnea, low-grade fever, tachycardia, chest pain worse with coughing
PE
70
irregular RR intervals, absent P waves, narrow QRS complexes
a fib
71
is a fib associated with PE
yes
72
are the manifestations of PE variable and non-specfici?
yes
73
what oxygen information do we get from ABG?
PaO2
74
*** how do you calculate PAO2 to determine A-a gradient?
PAO2 = 150 - (PaCO2/.8)
75
*** what is age appropriate A-a gradient?
(patient age/4) + 4
76
what to do for an asthmatic pt with impending resp failure (absent wheezing, retention of CO2, decreased mental status)
intubate
77
severe asthma exacerbation tx
SABA, ipratropium, systemic corticosteroids
78
upper and lower respiratory tract disease and glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis, vasculitis of small and medium sized vessel
79
*** how do you diagnose granulomatosis with polyangiitis?
ANCA antibody test, then tissue biopsy (may need to rule out HIV as + can muck up ANCA results)
80
*** otitis, sinusitis, dyspnea, hemoptysis, weight loss, fatigue, mild anemia
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
81
*** young adult male with kidney and lung pathology
Goodpasture's disease, Ab against protein of glomerular and alveolar basement membranes
82
*** how to dx Goodpasture's disease?
renal biopsy demonstrating linear IgG deposition along membrane
83
HIV with CD4 < 200, dyspnea and non-productive cough
PCP
84
Osler's nodes, Roth's spots, Janeway lesions, splinter hemorrhages, new onset heart murmur
endocarditis
85
can people who had pulmonary TB develop a chronic pulmonary aspergillosis in the future?
YES
86
Aspergillus is a ______ and thus is treated with _____
Aspergillus is a fungus and treated with azoles!
87
how does pneumonia cause hypoxemia
right-to-left intrapulmonary shunting and V/Q mismatch
88
pulsus paradoxus
cardiac tamponade; > 20mg blood pressure change with inspiration
89
cancer and SOB
think PE!! cancer is part of Virchow's triangle (hypercoagulability of malignancy)
90
low arterial perfusion (hypotension, syncope), acute dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, tachycardia
massive PE - leads to RV dysfuction and resultant hypotension
91
*** a pt has a suspect effusion/mass in lung, what to do?
TAP, if negative but still suspect mass then do bronchoscopy BUT if + then proceed with further imaging etc to qualify but no need for bronchoscopy
92
you identify a coin lesion in the lungs by XR, but it is stable when compared to previous XR 2 years ago - malignant? workup?
benign if stable for 2-3 years, no work-up required
93
increased lung compliance, air-trapping, functional residenual and total lung capacities
COPD
94
*** immunocompromised + pulmonary nodules with surrounding ground-glass opacities + thick sputum
acute aspergillosis
95
pt has acute exacerbation of COPD, what to do?
SABA, ICS, antibiotics -- and if doesn't improve start non-invasive ventilatory support

IM (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions