Pulm quick associations

Question 1

increased lung volumes, FEV1/FVC less than 80

Answer 1

obstructive lung disease

Question 2

Decrease lung volumes, FEV1/FVC 80 or higher

Answer 2

Restrictive lung disease

Question 3

2 or less daytime episodes/wk or 2 or less nighttime episodes per month
FEV1 80% or more

Answer 3

mild intermittent asthma

Question 4

3-6 daytime episodes/wk or 3-4 nighttime episodes per month

FEV1 80% or more

Answer 4

mild persistent asthma

Question 5

daily daytime episodes/wk or more than 1 nighttime episodes per month
FEV1 60-80

Answer 5

moderate persistent asthma

Question 6

continual daytime episodes/wk or frequent nighttime episodes per month
FEV1 less than 60

Answer 6

severe persistent asthma

Question 7

Pulmonary disease that includes airflow limitation and is associated with chronic inflammation in the airways and lungs

Answer 7

COPD

Question 8

Chronic productive cough for three months, may proceed or follow the development of airflow limitation

Answer 8

Chronic bronchitis

Question 9

Permanent enlargement of the airspaces distal to the terminal bronchioles due to destruction of airspace walls

Answer 9

Emphysema

Question 10

Chronic inflammation of the airways resulting in airway hyper responsiveness, wheezing, and shortness of breath that are reversible

Answer 10

Asthma

Question 11

Noncaseating granulomas and associated with aerospace manufacturing

Answer 11

Berylliosis

Question 12

Noncaseating granulomas and erythema nodosum

Answer 12

sarcoidosis

Question 13

Associated with sandblasting

Answer 13

silicosis

Question 14

Causes chronic bronchitis but not an increased risk of lung cancer

Answer 14

coal workers disease

Question 15

Disease of the lungs and kidneys caused by anti-glomerular basement membrane Ab

Answer 15

Goodpasture

Question 16

Caseating granulomas and positive c-ANCA

Answer 16

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Question 17

Gram-positive diplococci
MC cause of pneumonia in adults
Rust colored sputum
Lobar consolidation on CXR
Common cause of post-influenza bacteria PNA

Answer 17

S. pneumo

Tx: b-lactams, macrolides, fluoroquinolones

Question 18

Gram positive cocci in clusters
typical pneumonia
common cause of post influenza bacterial PNA

Answer 18

S. aureus

MSSA - oxacillin
MRSA - vancomycin, linezolid

Question 19

Neonatal PNA, bacteremia, meningitis

Diffuse infiltrates on CXR

Answer 19

Group B strep

PCN or ampicillin
Vancomycin
Cephalosporins

Question 20

gram-negative bacillus
PNA in older adults and chronic lung disease
Some b-lactamase producing, some are not

Answer 20

Haemophilus influenzae

Amoxicillin, Amox-clav, cephalosporins

Question 21

Gram negative bacillus
PNA in patients with alcoholism, COPD, DM
Typical PNA with “currant jelly” sputum

Answer 21

Klebsiella pneumoniae

sensitivities direct therapy, high multidrug resistance

Question 22

Gram negative bacillus
PNA in patients with underlying lung abnormalities 
Hospitalized or ventilated patients
often multidrug resistant
biofilm

Answer 22

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Antipseudomonal b-lactam - cefepime, pip-tazo, meropenem
PLUS
Ciprofloxacin or aminoglycoside

Question 23

Gram negative diplococcus

PNA in patients with COPD

Answer 23

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 24

atypical pneumonia “walking pneumonia”
B/L interstitial infiltates on CXR
May be positive for cold agglutinins

Answer 24

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Macrolide
Tetracycline
Fluoroquinolone

Question 25

atypical PNA Bilateral interstitial infitrates on CXR Young adults in close quarters - dorms, barracks

Answer 25

Chlamydophila pneumoniae Doxycycline macrolide

Question 26

atypical PNA in someone with a pet bird, or bird keeper

Answer 26

Chlamyophila psittaci Doxycycline Macrolide

Question 27

Atypical pneumonia transmitted by inhaling/aspirating contaminated water PNA + GI symptoms - nausea, diarrhea +/- neurological symptoms - confusion

Answer 27

Legionella pneumophila Fluoroquinolone Macrolide

Question 28

Common cause of fungal PNA in immunocompromised patients

Answer 28

Pneumocystis jirovecii (PCP)

Question 29

Pneumonia in patient with influenza and gram positive cocci in clusters in sputum

Answer 29

S. aureas

Question 30

Pneumonia in spelunker

Answer 30

Histoplasmosis

Question 31

Pneumonia in patient who has gram-positive diplococci in sputum

Answer 31

S. pneumo

Question 32

MC cause of viral pneumonia in young children

Answer 32

RSV

Question 33

Pneumonia in neonate with gram-negative rods in sputum

Answer 33

E. coli

Question 34

Pneumonia in patient who has recently traveled to Arizona

Answer 34

Coccidioides immitis

Question 35

MC cause of viral pneumonia in adults

Answer 35

influenza | predisposes to secondary PNA with S. pneumo, S. aureus

Question 36

Pneumonia associated with travel through the desert in Southwest US or dust storm

Answer 36

Coccidioides immitis Itraconazole Fluconazole

Question 37

Pneumonia associated with caves, soil contaminated with bird/bat droppings in Mississippi and Ohio river valleys

Answer 37

Histoplasma capsulatum Itraconazole

Question 38

Pneumonia associated with soil contaminated by pigeon or chicken droppings, immunocompromised patients

Answer 38

Cryptococcus neoformans Fluconazole

Question 39

Pneumonia associated with skin lesions and soil exposure in Southeastern, South Central and Midwestern US and Canada

Answer 39

Blastomyces dermatitis Amphotericin B Itraconazole

Question 40

Pneumonia associated with pulmonary symptoms in chronic infection, Central/South America

Answer 40

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Itraconazole