Pulmonary and Cardio Flashcards
(48 cards)
Asymmetric lung expansion can be seen in______, _______, _______, or ________on the side of decreased expansion.
airway obstruction (lung ca), consolidation (lobar pneumonia), pneumothorax, atelectasis, or pleural effusion
accessory muscles of respiration
SCM, scalene
signs of increased work of breathing
nasal flaring, intercostal and supraclavicular retractions, use of accessory muscles of respiration (SCM, scalene)
the posterior lung exam is mainly an examination of the ______ lobes of the lungs
posterior
expiration is prolonged in __________ such as _________ and ________.
obstructive ventilatory disease such as __________ and _________.
A patient with what cardiac condition may complain of nausea?
inferior myocardial infarction
A patient with what cardiac condition may be short of breath at rest or with minimal exertion?
advanced congestive heart failure
In the elderly hospitalized pt, what cardiac condition may present as delirium?
acute cardiac ischemia
The patient with _______ may appear fatigued and have evidence of weight loss. (cardiac condition)
subacute bacterial endocarditis
the apical impulse is the impact of the _______ against the chest wall
Left ventricle
Where is the apical impulse found?
mid-clavicular line, 5th intercostal space.
S1 marks the beginning of _________ or _______ contraction, and corresponds to the closure of the _______ and ______ valves
S1 = beginning of systole or ventricular contraction; corresponds to the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves
S2 signifies the onset of _______ or ______ relaxation, and corresponds to the _______ and _____ valve closures.
S2 = onset of diastole = ventricular relaxation. It corresponds to the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves.
Which is usually louder, S1 or S2? Which is followed by a longer pause?
S1; S2
_____ (heart sound) is louder at the apex and ______(heart sound) is louder at the base.
S1 is louder at the apex;
S2 is louder at the base
The cardiac impulse and the carotid upstroke occur just after ______ (heart sound), since this corresponds to systole
S1
To listen to aortic regurg murmurs, the patient should be in what position and doing what? To listen for an aortic regurg murmur, listen at the _____. Does this murmur occur during systole or diastole?
Ask patient to sit, lean forward, and hold his/her breath.
Listen at the left sternal border and apex for aortic regurg.
This murmur occurs during diastole.
When locating the internal jugular vein, keep the head of the bed at ________ degrees.
30 degrees
The sternal angle is approximately _____ cm above the _____ atrium.
sternal angle is 5 cm above the R atrium
To tell the carotid and jugular venous pulsations apart: The ______ pulse is palpable but the ____ pulsation is not. The ____ contains a sharp up/down stroke but the ________ pulsation has more of a flutter-like quality. _____ pressure varies with respiration whereas _______ does not.
carotid pulse is palpable; jugular venous pulsation is not.
carotid has sharp up/down stroke, but jugular pulsation has more of a flutter-like quality.
Jugular venous pressure varies w respiration but the carotid pulsation does not.
Some experts recommend listening for a carotid artery bruit with the ________ of a stethoscope.
bell
The carotid artery is best auscultated ______ in the neck, while asking the pt to _______. Presence of a bruit can indicate ________, a risk factor for _______.
low in the neck ( to avoid stimulating the carotid sinus) ; ask pt to hold their breath; carotid bruit can indicate atherosclerotic disease of the carotid artery, a risk factor for anterior circulation stroke.
You should ______ BEFORE ______ the carotid artery so you do not _______.
AUSCULTATE BEFORE PALPATING CAROTID ARTERY so you don’t disrupt an atherosclerotic plaque.
A laterally displaced or diffuse or enlarged PMI can be associated with ________.
Left ventricular dilation.
